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- W110248317 abstract "Geologists and engineers aren’t known for their careful language. Words that sound alarming abound in the geological literature: ‘supercritical’ for deep gas like CO2 when it becomes pressurised; ‘overpressured’ for layers of rock that have higher pressure than their depth would suggest; ‘blowout’ for when a well leaks gas uncontrollably. It’s probably because geologists and the drilling and mining engineers that they work with don’t imagine that their technical language will ever go beyond the technical literature, the companies, the research institutes and the universities where their techniques are discussed. However, fracking (hydraulic fracturing) is a phrase that has gone far and its hard sound and its similarity to an Anglo-Saxon expletive is a kernel around which the arguments coalesce. In much protest literature, the word has become synonymous with shale gas even though fracking has been used for a long time in conventional oil and gas and even in geothermal power.Whether the technologists and engineers picked a good name or not, the technique is being used extensively across North America and is being tried in China, Europe and South America. It involves squirting fluid under very high pressure into rocks far below the surface to open up existing cracks and make new ones so that gas can be released. This sounds easy but it isn’t. There are a whole host of problems relating to the depth of the rock, the properties of the fluid and to getting the gas out.But engineers and geologists have by and large solved the technical problems and fracking has never been used so widely or so profitably. About 33,000 gas wells are drilled in the US every year and about 90% of these are fracked to get gas out. This chapter will look at how fracking works." @default.
- W110248317 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W110248317 date "2015-01-01" @default.
- W110248317 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W110248317 title "To Frack or Not to Frack?" @default.
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- W110248317 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801606-0.00003-0" @default.
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