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• W111699573 abstract "Before invention of film, a stereotypical perception of Native Americans was embodied in art, fiction, and entertainment. Stereotyping of Native Americans can be categorized under three major themes: (1) history of Native Americans compressed and portrayed under a single period of time; (2) Native cultures interpreted through white values; and (3) grouping of more than 600 different Native American societies under one general category. Because of its ability to present moving images, film played a major role in perpetuating stereotypes of Native Americans as riding horses, screaming, killing, and scalping people. Film, like any other form of art, reflects culture of society and at same time, contributes to that culture; it embodies society's values, beliefs, and social structure and assists in transmitting culture to mass audiences. Myths and stereotypes about Native Americans are alive today because television and film, as media with mass appeal, perpetuated misconceptions. The representation of Native Americans in films was mostly restricted to one genre, Western. As a type of American mythology, Western profited on myths which it perpetuated. A Senate subcommittee in 1969 conducted a survey which found that white society characterized Native Americans as lazy, drunken, and dirty, which was concluded to be based on a history created by white man to justify his exploitation of Native American. In order to restore Native American's image, myths and stereotypes on which America was built need to be confronted. (Contains 39 references.) (AEF) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are best that can be made * * from original document. * ******************************************************************************** The White Man's Indian: Stereotypes In Film And Beyond by Charalambos Vrasidas Abstract The image of Native Americans had been established long before film was invented, and with a few exceptions, it has remained same since then. Film, because of its visual nature and mass appeal, played a major role in perpetuating misconceptions about Natives. Some of most popular images were bad Indian, good Indian and noble savage.The image of Native Americans had been established long before film was invented, and with a few exceptions, it has remained same since then. Film, because of its visual nature and mass appeal, played a major role in perpetuating misconceptions about Natives. Some of most popular images were bad Indian, good Indian and noble savage. One of methods that white society employed in an effort to isolate Native Americans and make them a weak minority in their own homeland, was stereotyping. Stereotypes were created for three main reasons: (a) to confirm superiority of Western civilization, (b) to perpetuate myths on which American nation was built, and (c) to offer entertainment through literature, art, and film. Stereotypes Were very entertaining, and therefore, profitable. Coming to America When first Europeans came to America they found a rich continent with a lot of resources. Here they wanted to create a society similar to that in their countries in Europe. The only obstacle to their plans was indigenous people. In view of European settlers Native Americans were hindering progress (Pearce, 1967). The Whites tried to civilize them and make them conform to Whites' culture and values. Whites tried to educate Natives, change their religion, and steal their land. Efforts to civilize Natives were not successful. Therefore, only way for white society to solve its Native American problem was to destroy Natives (Berkhofer, 1978; Deloria, 1989; Pearce, 1967). It was alright for Europeans to become savages in order to save civilization; a white civilization that was opposed to Natives values and beliefs. The differences between Western and Native American civilizations played a significant role in evolution of relationship between Whites and indigenous people. Indianness and civilization were, according to Whites, two concepts opposed to each other (Berkhofer, 1978). Native American cultures were more based on simplicity and mystery, rather than on abstract scientific knowledge. As Deloria (1989) stated, the western hemisphere produced wisdom; western Europe produced knowledge (p. 11). According to European Americans, white superiority, religion, and moral systems should have prevailed over Native Americans and their culture. Whites soon realized that it was impossible to civilize savages. As Roy Harvey U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION" @default.
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• W111699573 title "The White Man's Indian: Stereotypes in Film and Beyond." @default.
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