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• W112073819 abstract "Linac4 is a new 160 MeV, 40 mA H accelerator which will be the source of particles for all proton accelerators at CERN from 2013. Its construction has started in 2008, as part of a programme for the progressive replacement or upgrade of the LHC injectors during the next decade. Linac4 will initially inject into the PS Booster and at a later stage into a 4 GeV Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL), which could ultimately be upgraded to high duty cycle operation. For this reason accelerating structures, RF infrastructure and shielding of Linac4 are dimensioned for higher duty cycle from the initial phase. Linac4 is normal-conducting, 80 m long and consists of an RF volume ion source, an RFQ, a beam chopping section and a cascade of three different types of 352 MHz accelerating structures. Its main design requirements are high reliability, high beam brightness and low beam loss. The accelerator will be housed in an underground tunnel on the CERN Meyrin site, which can eventually be extended to the SPL, with equipment installed in a surface building above. The main parameters, the status of the main components, the planning, the project organisation and the civil engineering infrastructure are presented. THE CERN INJECTOR UPGRADE A programme for the progressive replacement or upgrade of the LHC injectors has been recently defined at CERN [1]. The first goal of this programme is to increase the LHC luminosity beyond nominal by improving beam brightness from the injector complex, which is now the main limiting factor towards higher luminosity. A second motivation is the replacement of the present cascade of injectors, which has been built between 1959 and 1978 and in the past few years has been giving rising concerns for its long-term reliability, with a more modern, reliable and easier to maintain system, where transfer energies and beam parameters are optimised for the LHC needs. Moreover, new low energy accelerators can be made compatible with operation at higher beam power that could be required by future physics needs. The present sequence of accelerators used as LHC injectors is based on a proton linac of a relatively low energy (Linac2, 50 MeV) followed by the 1.4 GeV PS Booster (PSB), by the 26 GeV Proton Synchrotron (PS) and finally by the 450 GeV Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The new injector sequence would use an H highenergy linear accelerator, the 4 GeV Low-Power Superconducting Proton Linac (LP-SPL), whose normalconducting section of 160 MeV, to be built in a preliminary stage, is called Linac4 [2]. The LP-SPL can be eventually upgraded to a High-Power SPL operating at multi-MW beam power [3]. The SPL will be followed by a new 50 GeV Proton Synchrotron (PS2). Present and future injection lines are schematically presented in Fig. 1. Linac 2 50 MeV PS Booster 1.4 GeV PS 26 GeV SPS 450 GeV Linac 4 160 MeV LP-SPL 4 GeV PS2 50 GeV Figure 1: Scheme of the old and new LHC injectors. A staged construction is possible because Linac4 can inject in a preliminary phase H ions into the existing PSB. The higher injection energy coupled with the benefits of H charge exchange injection are expected to increase brightness out of the PSB by a factor of 2, making possible a first increase in the LHC luminosity around 2013, when the nominal luminosity should have been attained in the LHC and a programme of upgrades to the ring and to the experiments aiming at higher luminosity could be implemented. In June 2007, the CERN Council has approved the construction of Linac4 as a high-priority project for the period 2008-2013. At the same time, it has approved the detailed design of SPL and PS2, whose construction could start in 2012 and be terminated between 2015 and 2017 Linac4 will be housed in a 12 m deep underground tunnel, connected to the Linac2-PSB line. A surface equipment building will house klystrons and linac equipment. The Linac4 tunnel can be later on extended to the SPL. Figure 2 shows a view of the CERN Linac-PSBPS complex, indicating the position of Linac4 and of the future extension to the SPL. Figure 3 presents the layout of the foreseen Linac4 infrastructure." @default.
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• W112073819 date "2008-01-01" @default.
• W112073819 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W112073819 title "Status of the LINAC4 Project at CERN" @default.
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