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• W112094295 abstract "Beginning over 4000 years ago, the Babylonians were discovering how to use mathematics to perform functions of daily life and to evolve as a dominant civilization. Since the beginning of the 1800s, about half a million Babylonian tablets have been discovered, fewer than five hundred of which are mathematical in nature. Scholars translated these texts by the end of the 19 th century. It is from these tablets that we gain an appreciation for the Babylonians’ apparent understanding of mathematics and the manner in which they used some key mathematical concepts. Through this thesis, the author will provide background information about the Babylonians and then explain the manner in which the Babylonians used a number system, the square root of 2, “Pythagorean” mathematics, and equations. Babylonian Mathematics 4 A Brief Study of Some Aspects of Babylonian Mathematics Background Between the years of 3500 B.C. and 539 B.C., various Mesopotamian civilizations inhabited this “land between the rivers” (Dellapena, 1996, p. 213) of the Euphrates and the Tigris (see Figure 1 below for a map of this region). Around 3500 B.C., the Sumerians established the first city-states; one of the best city-states was called Ur. After the Sumerians came the Akkadians, who inhabited the area of the surrounding desert. The Akkadians were conquered in about 1900 B.C. by the First Babylonian Empire. Just over 1000 years later, in 885 B.C., the Assyrians took over the land from the Akkadians and maintained control of the land for nearly 300 years until, in 612 B.C., the Chaldeans conquered the Assyrians and began the Second Babylonian Empire. Unlike the First Babylonian Empire, the Chaldeans’ reign was short-lived, a mere 73 years, until the Persians invaded the land in 539 B.C. (Teresi, 2002). For a timeline of these events, see Figure 2. Figure 1. A map of Ancient Babylonia. 1 1 From “Pythagoras's Theorem in Babylonian Mathematics,” by J.J. O’Connor and E.F. Robertson, 2000, MacTutor History of Mathematics, ¶ 2. Babylonian Mathematics 5 Figure 2. Chronology of the Mesopotamian civilizations in Ancient Babylonia. Mathematical Contributions in Mesopotamia In this area of Ancient Babylonia, mathematical contributions were made by these Mesopotamian civilizations. When discussing the mathematical contributions made in Mesopotamia, the entire period from 3500 B.C. to 539 B.C. is referred to as the Babylonian era; however, when the contributions are determined to have been made during the earliest period of the Mesopotamian civilizations, the term “Sumerian” is used (Teresi, 2002). The information we have regarding Babylonian mathematics comes from clay tablets. Although approximately half a million of these tablets have been discovered since the beginning of the 1800s, fewer than five hundred are mathematical in nature (Teresi, 2002). The majority of these five hundred tablets are dated between the years 1800 and 1600 B.C. It was not until the end of the 19 th century, however, that numerous Sumerian and Babylonian measurement texts were translated. Nevertheless, by the late 1920s the study of Babylonian mathematics was well-established and scholars attained a 3500 B.C. 1900 B.C. 885 B.C. 612 B.C. 539 B.C." @default.
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• W112094295 date "2008-01-01" @default.
• W112094295 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W112094295 title "A Brief Study of Some Aspects of Babylonian Mathematics" @default.
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