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• W112768366 abstract "DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services is Supreme Court's first major effort define scope of state and local governments' affirmative obligations under fourteenth amendment. The Court rejected liability against county welfare agency and caseworker for failing prevent father from severely beating his four-year-old son. The Court intimated that constitutional affirmative duties exist only where plaintiff is in state's custody. Scholarly commentary reads case as announcing against imposition of affirmative duties in other contexts. Professors Eaton and Wells demonstrate that DeShaney opinion is more ambiguous and less categorical than preliminary scholarly consensus suggests. They argue that much of Court's reasoning supports more discriminating treatment of constitutional affirmative duties; one that acknowledges various ways in which state may play part in making someone vulnerable harm. Although in DeShaney's aftermath some lower courts embrace sweeping prohibition view of Supreme Court's opinion, many other courts examine state's role in exposing plaintiff danger. Professors Eaton and Wells prefer latter approach, arguing that it should be combined with an inquiry into governmental defendant's state of mind, an issue Court did not address in DeShaney. Is Constitution solely a charter of negative liberties1 shielding us against intrusions by state officers upon our freedom? Or does it also encompass positive rights governmental aid? If Constitution sometimes does require government officials help persons in distress, what circumstances trigger duty act? These questions were before Supreme Court last Term in DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services. 2 Joshua DeShaney, four-year-old child beaten repeatedly by his father, sued social workers assigned his case for failing do anything about attacks. Joshua's lawyer charged that social workers' inaction, in face of strong evidence of abuse, amounted deprivation of Joshua's liberty in violation of due process clause of fourteenth amendment. Rejecting Joshua's claim, Court asserted that purpose of due process clause was to protect * Professor of Law, University of Georgia School of Law; B.A. 1972, University of Texas; J.D. 1975, University of Texas. The authors wish thank Robert Brussack, Dan Coenen, and Joseph Singer for their helpful comments on draft of this paper. ** Professor of Law, University of Georgia School of Law; B.A. 1972, University of Virginia; J.D. 1975, University of Virginia. I. Bowers v. DeVito, 686 F.2d 616, 618 (7th Cir. 1982); see also Harris v. McRae, 448 U.S. 297, 318 (1980). 2. 109 S. Ct. 998 (1989). HeinOnline -66 Wash. L. Rev. 107 1991 Washington Law Review people from State, not ensure that State protected them from each other.3 The Court recognized that an affirmative duty may arise when state has contributed plaintiff's need for assistance. In DeShaney, even though the State may have been aware of dangers that Joshua faced in his father's home, it played no part in their creation, nor did it... render him any more vulnerable" @default.
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• W112768366 date "1991-01-01" @default.
• W112768366 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W112768366 title "Governmental Inaction as a Constitutional Tort: Deshaney and its Aftermath" @default.
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