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• W1137911379 abstract "IntroductionOn the morning of 2 September 2004, protestors marched to Cerro Quilish (Mount Quilish), the Northern highlands of Peru, to demand an end to mining exploration activity. At the peak of the 15 days of protesting, more than 10,000 people filled the town square the city of Cajamarca, 18 kilometres from Cerro Quilish. As many would later remark, the defence of Cerro Quilish united the city and countryside, bringing together a diverse mix of people: urban professionals, irrigation canal users' associations, Rondas Campesinas (peasant patrol groups, one of the backbones of peasant political organizing Peru), unions, students, religious organizations and other groups. The massive protests put a halt to the extraction of an estimated 3.7 million ounces of gold from Cerro Quilish. The proposed project was to be an extension of the Yanacocha mine, which was opened 1993 and was already the largest gold mine Latin America.1 The mine is operated by Minera Yanacocha, a joint venture of the US-based Newmont Mining Company (with 51.35 per cent of shares), the Peruvian company Buenaventura (43.65 per cent shareholder), and the financial branch of the World Bank (with a remaining 5 per cent of the shares).On the surface, the Quilish protests shared many characteristics with other mobilizations that emerged the late 1990s and would intensify the 2000s response to mining expansion Peru and elsewhere Latin America (see Bebbington 2009). In this context of increased mining-related activism, the Quilish protests stand out not only because they effectively stopped the project but also due to their long-lasting impact on the popular imagination and political debates around mining activity Peru. Like other mining-related conflicts, the controversy over the Quilish project centred on the costs and benefits involved converting mountains into openpit mines. But what made this case different was that Cerro Quilish emerged the conflict as a particular kind of mountain: one that holds water and has special significance for the local population. In antimining campaign materials and news reports, Cerro Quilish was presented as an aquifer-the source of the main rivers and tributaries that supply water to the city and rural communities. Activists argued that mining activity would compromise the quality of that water (due to increased sedimentation and the potential leaching of heavy metals and toxic substances into rivers and streams) and reduce the quantity of water available what is already a drought-prone region. Protestors also argued that the mine should not be built because campesinos (peasant farmers) living the area considered Cerro Quilish to be an Apu, a Quechua term that is commonly translated as spirit or sacred mountain.Framed around the protection of an aquifer and an Apu, the aims and strategies of the antimining protests did not always fit within the discourses of existing political movements focused on economic justice or the nationalization of resources (e.g., local unions or left-leaning political parties). While arguments calling for nationalizing the mines or better pay and working conditions did surface conflicts emerging throughout the country, activism against mining at once incorporated and exceeded established political discourses and practices. The Quilish protests became part of a movement in defence of that encompassed water and livelihood, landscapes and cultural identity-but it was also more than this. The mountain was not just an economic resource to be defended but the embodiment of life itself. By calling Cerro Quilish an Apu, the protestors suggested that it was a living entity and, furthermore, that other lives (both human and nonhuman) depended on its existence. Arguments against mining Cerro Quilish were entangled with discussions about water as a lifesustaining substance-life a general biological sense but also with relation to the particular (and by some accounts, disappearing) ways of life the campo (countryside). …" @default.
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• W1137911379 date "2013-07-01" @default.
• W1137911379 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1137911379 title "Relating Divergent Worlds: Mines, Aquifers and Sacred Mountains in Peru" @default.
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