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• W114197428 abstract "INTRODUCTION it was not until the prelude of the class action lawsuit initiated in 1993 by 30,000 residents of Ecuador's Amazonian region, or Oriente, that ecological concerns emerged as a nationally recognized problem associated with the extractive sector--in this case, the oil industry. This piece will trace the problematization of environmental issues vis-a-vis conceptualizations of development in Ecuador since the discovery of oil there nearly a century ago. Themes of sustainability and ecological concerns remain at a nascent stage within the country's framework of development and security. The central problem in the country's oil patch is not the horrendous level of pollution produced by any single company, but the systemic logic of petroleum extraction in the region that continues to result in massive ecocide. Still prevalent in the petro-fields is the Modernist conception of development that features the false notion of 'man's conquest of nature.' That pernicious tendency is exacerbated by populist politics that have spelled a tyranny of the majority that is deaf to local pleas to halt environmental destruction in the Oriente. Ecuador's history of development is marked by a pronounced reliance on the primary sector, from cocao to bananas, and most recently to a focus on the extractive industry within the context of the global commodity boom of the new millennium. We shall trace the conceptual paths of development pursued by the country to its current juncture. The era of the Correa presidency has featured an odd admixture of neoliberalism and leftist populism on the part of the government, as well as elements of post-development pursued by grass roots social movements that struggle to incorporate ecological concerns into national developmental schemes. These movements have demonstrated the social power of local agency and knowledge, the significance of inclusive capacity building in developmental projects, and the utility of global networks of surveillance to combat horrendous ecocide perpetrated by forces that wish to remain hidden. Foucauldian roots of the post-development perspective are clearly visible in the social struggle to define the country's development, especially his notion of biopolitics whereby the living social body underpins conceptions of development and security. We shall begin with an historical discussion of developmental paths in the country, and then turn to a pilot project involving the author that focuses on post-development approaches to sustainability and human security in Ecuador. This shall be followed by an analytical conclusion. HISTORIC PROCLIVITIES AND THE FRAMING OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEMS Phase One: 1921 to World War Two The state's historic failure to escape development schemes linked almost solely to the agro-mineral-petroleum sector has spelled wild cycles of economic boom and bust. Ecuador's economic history featured the cocao era from 1860 to 1920, the emergence of the concept of 'developmentalism' that was linked to the banana boom of 1948 to 1965, and the post-1972 reliance on the volatile petroleum sector to lift the country's GDP. (1) The nation's historically entrenched staple economy, combined with its lack of economic diversification, created an economic rollercoaster that has underpinned the state's notorious record of weakness and the country's penchant for political instability--most recently evident in what the government and many observers say was a coup attempt in September 2010. Since its engagement in the petroleum industry, Ecuador has depended heavily on foreign transnational corporations for both knowledge and capital. This predicament shaped a highly asymmetric power relationship that limited the state's capacity to work as an agent of development, and at times has spawned the corruption of local officials. Oil was used by the indigenous in the Oriente to waterproof canoes and to seal earthen cookware. …" @default.
• W114197428 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W114197428 date "2011-09-22" @default.
• W114197428 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W114197428 title "Development, the Environment and Ecuador's Oil Patch: The Context and Nuances of the Case against Texaco" @default.
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