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• W1142075046 startingPage "31" @default.
• W1142075046 abstract "The Streptococcus pneumoniae capsules form a diverse group of polymers that are the most important and most recognized virulence factor of the organism. This chapter provides an overview of recent advances regarding the genetics, biosynthesis, and chemistry of pneumococcal capsules. Recently, a new era in differentiating pneumococcal isolates was initiated when, for the first time, preparations of monoclonal antibodies were used to describe the 91st serotype, a “subspecies” of serotype 6A now dubbed 6C. Early work led to the conclusions that genes required for capsule synthesis in S. pneumoniae were closely linked on the chromosome but that genes outside this region were also important. The identification and assignment of cpsABCD (wzg, wzh, wzd, and wze) and any nonhousekeeping sugar biosynthesis genes are fairly straightforward, as their sequences are highly conserved. Capsule synthesis requires the production of nucleotide sugar precursors, the synthesis of which relies on enzymes encoded both within and outside the capsule genetic loci. Polymer synthesis likely initiates on undecaprenyl-P (C55-P or the bactoprenyl-P), the same lipid acceptor used to initiate the synthesis of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In S. pneumoniae, the acceptor is a polyprenyl-P whose size and properties are consistent with undecaprenyl-P. A better understanding of the regulation of capsule expression and chain length is critical not only in the isolation of polymers for vaccine preparations but in the development of a full picture of pneumococcal virulence, as reduced capsule levels occur during the colonization of the nasopharynx while elevated levels are essential for systemic disease." @default.
• W1142075046 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1142075046 creator A5027438376 @default.
• W1142075046 creator A5073160339 @default.
• W1142075046 creator A5077742706 @default.
• W1142075046 date "2014-04-30" @default.
• W1142075046 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1142075046 title "Genetics, Biosynthesis, and Chemistry of Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides" @default.
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