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• W114364061 abstract "Environmental quality and health safety assessment often requires modeling of solute transport in rivers. Conceptually, a stream can be divided into distinct compartments mutually interacting through bidirectional exchanges of mass and momentum. A distinction can generally be drawn between a main channel, where the velocities are relatively high, and different types of storage domains, where the average velocity is sensibly lower. The downstream propagation of dissolved substances in streams is influenced by exchanges between the main channel and surrounding retention zones, typically vegetated pockets, pools of recirculating or stagnant water, and permeable subsurface. Submerged vegetation and, at a small spatial scale, microbial biofilms also constitute additional retention domains which can significantly contribute to determining the fate of the transported substances.A one-dimensional model for solute transport in rivers (STIR) with transient storage is presented within this thesis. The model is based on a stochastic approach which allows to express the concentration of a solute in the main channel of a stream as a function of the residence time distributions (RTDs) in the storage domains. As a general RTD model, STIR can be used either as a calibration model or as a predictive tool. When used as a calibration model, a form is assumed for the RTD in the storage zones, and the relevant parameters are determined by fitting the simulated breakthrough curves to concentration data from tracer tests. On the other hand, if enough information is available about the properties of the system, specific modeling closures can be incorporated in STIR to represent individual exchange processes separately.In this work applications of the STIR model to field cases are presented where the model is calibrated with tracer test data. Distinct forms of the RTD in the storage zones are assumed to assess the capability of the model to reproduce the observed tracer breakthrough curves. Results show that, when the RTD in the storage zones is represented as a weighted average of two exponential distributions, the model provides an excellent approximation of the experimental data for all the study reaches examined and a useful conceptual separation of the timescales of retention. However, since concentration distributions in streams result from a complex interaction between transport processes in the main channel and exchange processes with the storage domains, uncertainty can arise about the interpretation of the model parameters. The particular form assumed for the storage time distribution determines the parameters of both surface transport and transient storage. This limitation cannot be overcome with traditional field tracer tests, unless complementing the experimental data with an accurate hydrodynamic modeling of the flow in the main channel. In flume experiments where the hydraulic conditions can be strictly controlled, the effect of specific retention processes can be isolated, under proper assumptions, by comparison of the model parameters with those relative to a reference configuration of the system in which the retention processes under consideration are not present. This methodology is illustrated with an application of STIR to data from flume experiments with microbial biofilms.Another important distinction often required in water quality assessments is between in-channel and subsurface transient storage. The near-stream region of the porous bed affected by the concentration of solutes in the stream is known as the hyporheic zone, and is recognized to be extremely important for the evolution of a riverine ecosystem. Exchange between the stream and the underlying hyporheic zone is known to be primarily driven by advective processes which develop at several spatial scales because of separate mechanisms such as flow over bed forms, around obstacles and through bars and meanders. Specific modeling closures for the residence time distribution of bed form-induced hyporheic exchange are presented in this thesis for the case of homogeneous and stratified beds, extending previous works on the subject. These modeling closures can be incorporated in a general RTD transport model such as STIR to estimate in a predictive manner the effect of bed form-induced hyporheic exchange on the concentration of a solute in the surface water or, at least potentially, to estimate particular parameters of hyporheic exchange with an inverse approach." @default.
• W114364061 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W114364061 creator A5037419913 @default.
• W114364061 date "2010-01-25" @default.
• W114364061 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W114364061 title "Transport of solutes in streams with transient storage and hyporheic exchange" @default.
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