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• W114429517 abstract "Abstract: The land question and Zimbabwe's current crisis of governance appear to be intimately related. However, an extensive survey of the population in the mid-1990s ranked land access very low on the list of priorities when compared to employment creation. Zimbabwe's current constitutional and political crises spring primarily from the urban, not the rural areas. Initially the MDC's primary support base was in the urban areas amongst workers disaffected with rising prices and unemployment. Even if the MDC acceeds to power, it will have to face the same set of expectations from workers for improvement in their living and working conditions. Consequently, the regeneration of Zimbabwe's political economy will depend, in part, on the rehabilitation of Zimbabwe's urban industry. This paper examines developments in Zimbabwe's manufacturing sector since 1997. It explores trends in employment, output and exports by sub-sector in order to understand the evolution of sector during the years of crisis and the implications for Zimbabwe's political economy. Ironically, Rhodesia became model for Frankian form of 'delinking'. [1] Zimbabwe launched promising economic reform program in 1991 that was instrumental in liberalizing and briefly stabilizing the economy, but the momentum of adjustment was not sustained. As result, per capita income contracted by an annual average of 1.4 percent during the decade. [2] INTRODUCTION The Zimbabwean economy is in crisis. The budget deficit for 2002 was estimated to be 17.7% of gross domestic product (GDP). [3] The economy may have contracted by 7.5% in 2001. Inflation has skyrocketed and social indicators are deteriorating.Real incomes per head have fallen 23% in the last five years. [4] Zimbabwean society has become increasingly wracked with instability, authoritarianism and brutality; although these trends were particularly acute during the run-up to the March 2002 elections, they have scarcely abated in the ensuing months. [5] How has this situation come about, in what was, until recently, one of Africa's most stable and prosperous societies? [6] Some analysts contend that Zimbabwe's current politico-economic crisis revolves around the land question, the dimensions of which have been well documented. [7] However, whereas disparities in land ownership and distribution unquestionably pose long-term structural problems for Zimbabwe, this paper argues that the immediate origins of the contemporary crisis lie in the precipitous decline in the urban-industrial sector. Indeed, a survey of 18,000 rural and urban households in 1995 found that only one percent of respondents wanted land, only two percent thought redistributing land could resolve poverty, and most wanted jobs and better salaries. [8] Notwithstanding the possibility that these surveys may underestimate demand for land reform, the economic and political crisis engulfing the country from the mid-1990s onwards was primarily the result of the deindustrializing effects of World Bank/International Monetary Fund (IMF) structural adjustment policies, combined with the absence of competitive electoral system. Zimbabwe's Economic Structural Adjustment Program (ESAP) was inaugurated in 1991. Although the program expired in 1995, its aftereffects continue to be felt. Indeed, the emergence of meaningful political competition in Zimbabwe, in the guise of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), established only in 1999, is due partly to the impact of ESAP and the rise to prominence of the labor movement. [9] MDC has its origins in the country's trade union movement, as it was workers who were most affected by increasing unemployment and declining real wages under ESAP. Following parliamentary elections in 2000, MDC now holds 56 seats in Parliament and represents credible political force, although the party's success and influence is constrained by an electoral system that overwhelming favors the ruling party. …" @default.
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• W114429517 date "2003-09-22" @default.
• W114429517 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W114429517 title "Industry and the Urban Sector in Zimbabwe's Political Economy" @default.
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