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- W1148468146 abstract "Nearly all European countries are experiencing long-term downtrends in fertility and, consequently, a reduction in the proportion of working age individuals and aging in their population [1]. A ‘baby(or family-) friendly’ policy has been used as the umbrella term to describe the raft of incentives available to governments in order to promote couples to have children and, thereby, curb this demographic shift [2]. In broad terms, these can include economic incentives (e.g. tax reductions or credits, based on the presence of a child,and free, or subsidised, medical, dental and education services for children) and work/family initiatives (e.g. increased duration and paid period of maternity and paternity leave, free, or subsided, childcare, flexible working hours, short-term family related leave) [2,3]. However, to date, there has been little recognition of the role of infertility services under this umbrella. It is estimated that approximately one in six couples experiences problems with fertility at some point in their reproductive lives [4]. Moreover, the number of women experiencing infertility is expected to increase in the next 20 years, due to delays in childbirth [5]. Infertility treatments cover a range of interventions (e.g. in vitro fertilisation [IVF], gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]), all of which have the ultimate goal of assisting the ‘infertile’ patient to become pregnant and deliver a live infant. Despite its proven effectiveness, healthcare policymakers have traditionally seen fertility treatment as discretionary and expensive. Debate abounds regarding both the allocation of finite resources in this area and the appropriate balance of costs borne by individual patients and society [6,7]. Europe currently has widely different policies regarding which antifertility treatments, if any, are publicly funded. For example, in France, IVF is fully reimbursed by the social security system, whilst in UK, Belgium, Denmark and Norway the state bears most, but not all, of the cost of IVF [6]." @default.
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- W1148468146 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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- W1148468146 title "'How much does a baby cost?' - Economics of demographic policies" @default.
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