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• W1149968394 abstract "This paper explores United Nations Security Council reform from a historical perspective. Using the concept of path dependence, the paper shows how features put in place at the Security Council’s formation have limited options for reform in the present. The Security Council’s concert of power model, separation from the General Assembly, distinction of membership types, and high barrier for change serve as mechanisms of path dependence. These features resulted from the Security Council’s formation during WWII in the wake of the failed League of Nations. The inability of current reform movements to bring about change illustrates the Security Council’s continued institutional resilience. In light of this, possible outcomes for the Security Council include partial reform of the body or full or partial replacement by another institution. Institutional resilience makes a massive overhaul of the Security Council’s structure unlikely, and keeps power in the hands of the body’s five permanent members. Through its analysis, the paper demonstrates how understanding the influence of historical factors can provide a useful framework for interpreting current issues in international organization. Introduction: A Call for Reform On October 17, 2013, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was one of five states elected to a non-permanent member seat on the United Nations Security Council, the United Nations (UN) body with primary responsibility for international peace and security. The Saudi government had been at work for years to gain a seat on the Council before its efforts came to fruition (BBC 2013). A seat on the Security Council is unparalleled in the realm of foreign relations. For diplomats, such a seat is likely to be the apex of their career (Williams 2013). Among international institutions, the Security Council is unique in its power and authority, its status arguably incomparable (Bosco 2009). Yet the following day, in a move that shocked the international community, Saudi Arabia turned down the two-year appointment. No other state had seen it coming. Samantha Power, the United States ambassador to the UN, had already sent the Saudi foreign ministry a statement of congratulations (Worth 2013). The Saudis’ action was entirely unprecedented: Saudi Arabia is the first and only state to have declined a seat on the Security Council in the body’s seven decades of existence (BBC 2013). Why would a country that had long worked to gain a seat choose to step away when the opportunity presented itself? Saudi Arabia willingly provided their rationale, saying, in essence, “It’s not me, it’s you.” The state attributed their decision to the current status of the Security Council itself, claiming that that the institution carries “double standards” and “mechanisms of action” that prevent it from “preserving international peace and security” (Council on Foreign Relations 2013). The Saudi Foreign Affairs Ministry also pointed to particular instances where they perceived failure of the Council, naming the conflicts in Palestine and Syria as examples. The statement ends with a clear call for change: “Accordingly, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia...announces its apology for not accepting membership of the Security Council until the" @default.
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• W1149968394 date "2015-01-01" @default.
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• W1149968394 title "Entrenched in Power: Path Dependence and UN Security Council Reform" @default.
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