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• W115081108 abstract "Stephen Crane's career can be considered as similar to Keats's in the swift coming to maturity of the two writers. As with Keats's movement from the apprentice effort of Endymion in 1817 to the great odes of 1819, Crane developed quickly from the composition of Maggie during the winter of 1892-93 to the completion of The Red Badge of Courage in the spring of 1894. Both writers were able to compress a lifetime of intellectual and technical growth Into these brief periods, and it is this mix of accomplishment and movement, of each author observing the integrity of the work at hand but also anticipating within it the work to come, which has absorbed much criticism of their writing. More than is true of most authors, the critic is required to grasp both the individuality of a specific work and its role as a bridge from the immediate past to the near future. Indeed, it is our realization of the complex dual character of particular works of Keats and Crane during these periods of swift creative development that helps Inform our recognition of the vitality of the minds which produced them. For Crane, it has been common to confine discussion of his early development largely to Maggie and The Red Badge of Courage. Usually omitted from such accounts is George's Mother, the novel which Crane began after completing Maggie and before he undertook The Red Badge.(1) This is not to say that the novel has been entirely neglected. It is often discussed as a kind of addendum to Maggie in its further depiction of Bowery life. And it is also often examined as an indirect dramatization of various personal demons which plagued Crane during his youth, since he too, like George, was raised by a widowed moralistic mother who disapproved of his shiftless ways.(2) I would like, however, to discuss George's Mother from the fresh perspective of the gender coding of experience which underlies its themes and structure and thereby to call special attention to the relationship of this aspect of the novel to Crane's rapid movement from Maggie to The Red Badge. One of the central paradigms of Crane's early fiction is that of the conflict between the home and the world. In each of his first three novels, a befuddled innocent, full of naive notions about him or herself and experience, ventures out from the seeming security and moral certainties of a home to the amoral struggle and violence of a world outside the home. George Kelcey's home, as is true of all three works within the paradigm, is dominated by a mother who is the source of its ethos. Mrs. Kelcey is an almost expressionistic representation of the nineteenth-century idealization of the feminine in its domestic and maternal roles. She is cleanliness, order, religion, work, and temperance. She wishes her son to follow her lead and accept each of these guides to life -- to work diligently, come home on time, hang up his coat neatly, attend chapel, and practice sobriety. In short, he is to remain the submissive child under her maternal direction. And since she is a widow and he i s a grown man, he is also to be as dutiful as a husband within the conventions of that role. In return, she will supply the emotional gratification for which his fulfillment of these familial roles is the proper reward -- that she not only loves him but that he is the sole reason for her being and the center of her existence. George, though glorying in the part of lord of the manor, is not at ease within its coercive character. But though he may neglect to hang up his coat and will refuse to accompany his mother to chapel, he nevertheless has to exert these expressions of freedom within the aura of expectation and disappointment which she has established as the ethos of the home. The small, worn figure, the women without weapons in Crane's original title of the novel (Works, 1:105), is fully armed and in control. George's minor gestures of resistance stand for little against her crafty and powerful manipulation of an engulfing love and complete subservience. …" @default.
• W115081108 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W115081108 date "1996-06-22" @default.
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• W115081108 title "From a Home to the World: Stephen Crane's 'George's Mother.'" @default.
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