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- W115097957 abstract "11 This study described how 25 subjects experienced and mood during a waiting experience for relatives undergoing open heart surgery. Using the 40 Second Production Method as a means to measure time estimation, sixty percent of the total group overestimated waiting time. Significant differences found between groups were associated with education, gender and prior waiting experience in the setting. Using the Time Metaphor Test, 22 subjects perceived passage as static. No significant correlation was found between scores on the Time Metaphor Test and reading time. The mood for the group as a whole tended to be more negative as compared to normative samples. Those subjects who perceived as passing more swiftly, scored significantly higher on confusion and fatigue, and significantly lower on vigor as compared to static subjects. While findings must be interpreted with caution given the small sample, the results of the study suggest that altered perception may be adaptive to the stress associated with anticipated crisis. CHAPTER ONE OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM Wandelt (1970) once made the statement that all research is spurred on by some irritating event. The irritating event stimulating this research was the personal experience of being in a hospital waiting room, waiting for a critically ill family member undergoing surgery. Reflecting back to this experience provides much insight on the stressors that family members deal with in the critical care environment. The question began to surface, Just what about this experience was so troublesome? For each person, the answer may be unique. While the experience of waiting has been noted to evoke a variety of human responses, such as restlessness, impatience or hostility (Muskatel et al., 1984), the central phenomenon associated with waiting is the perception of the passage of time. Time experience is a subjective phenomenon. It is variable, a result of multiple operations of the mind in which beliefs, emotions, logic and memory all play a role. If the passage of is perceived as something different than ordinary clock time, then the individual's state of consciousness is likely to be affected (Bentov, 1977). Since is the context in which people organize, assign meaning, and feel in control of unpredictable events (Glaser & Strauss, 1968), altered perception may affect the way a person copes with different life situations. Time experience has been empirically linked to variables including anxiety, personality, psychopathology, age, body temperature and physical motion (Fitzpatrick, 1980). While the majority of research on perception has come out of developmental psychology, nursing has also begun to explore the phenomenon of perception as it relates to human responses to illness. Most noted in this field of nursing research are Martha Rogers, Margaret Newman and Joyce Fitzpatrick. Other nurse scientists have begun to operational ize the work of the above theorists and have contributed to the use and development of instruments in which to measure such subjective experience (Strumpf, 1987; Engle, 1986; Sanders, 1986; and Smith," @default.
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- W115097957 date "1993-01-01" @default.
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- W115097957 title "Family members' temporal perception and mood during an open heart surgery waiting experience" @default.
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