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• W115278718 abstract "THE LITTLE FARMING SOLDIERS: THE EVOLUTION OF A LABOR ARMY IN POST-COLONIAL MALI1 Catherine Bogosian In 1960, Modibo Keita's government established the Service Civique Rural as an important part of its program of building a socialist and self-sufficient Malian state. According to its design, young, mostly rural men recruited into the Service Civique would learn modern agricultural methods, receive lessons in literacy, and become familiar with the values of the socialist state and the duties of citizens within that state. As a quasi-military service, the recruits dressed in uniforms and worked together on state farms in companies of fifty men. On important national holidays, such as May Day or Independence Day (September 22nd), troops of Service Civique workers went on parade, along with the milice populaire and the young pionniers } Upon completing two years of service, the young men who participated in the Service Civique would return to their homes armed with a moral and technical education. There they would take on a new status as role models for their relatives and friends. In 1962, the Ministiy of Information described the Service Civique as one of the positive elements of the participation of the Malian youth to the construction of the nation (Coulibaly 1962:98). Yet despite their uniforms and the government accolades, these young men were often taunted and derided by other Malians. Passing children and adults would mock Service Civique workers, calling them senekafali , cesiri ka biri , or cike sorodasiniw : in other words, farming ass, tighten the belt and bend, and little farming soldier. Here was a group of young men who were contributing to the building of the new socialist state and who spent their days farming, an activity that people in the Mande world generally see as noble and worthy. Yet as they farmed, these men provoked laughter from passers-by. Thus, descriptions of the Service Civique from both participants and observers present an ambiguous picture: memories of this institution evoke both the productive potential of the nation and the derision of a group of quasi-militaiy workers. One might describe the men in the Service Civique either as farmers in uniform or as soldiers armed with hoes. What was the inspiration for, and what were the expectations of, this problematic farming army? And why would the Malian public taunt their fellow citizens who were working to make an honorable and valuable contribution to their society? To answer such questions, one must consider the history of these little farming soldiers in the context of the then all too recent colonial past. This paper argues that the Service Civique, created during Modibo Keita's government, was a direct descendant of the colonial forced labor policy known as the deuxième portion du contingent militaire : the second portion of the Mande Studies 5 (2003) pp. 83-100 84 Catherine Bogosian colonial army. Modibo Keita, along with his colle government of the independent Republic of Mali, h independence from France. They struggled to shape would break down the injustices of the colonial p people of Mali. Yet as this analysis of the Servi creating the new government's structure, the new M depended heavily on, models left from the French examination of the early years of the Service C continuities between the colonial and immediate highlights a paradox faced by the leaders of many nations: having fought for their independence, they in a colonial legacy of legislative and economic struc governments created the deuxième portion and the S order to meet extremely different goals, the Servic portion in three significant ways: first, the Malian legislative legacy of the colonial period and as a resu hauntingly similar structures. Second, each instituti the concerns held, both by the colonial governm Malian government, about the relationship between and the central government. Finally, and perhaps m Malians shared another legacy - a communal m distaste for, requisitioned labor in any form. This dead weight that subtly but effectively hindered t Civique. The Service Civique failed on many accounts during its early years. The effectiveness of an ostensibly noble program was limited in part by the enormous logistical and financial difficulties faced by those trying to administer the service. Overshadowing..." @default.
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• W115278718 date "2003-01-01" @default.
• W115278718 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
• W115278718 title "THE LITTLE FARMING SOLDIERS: THE EVOLUTION OF A LABOR ARMY IN POST-COLONIAL MALI" @default.
• W115278718 doi "https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.2003.a873375" @default.
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