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- W115301256 abstract "Betalains are comprised of red-violet betacyanins and yellow betaxanthins. These water soluble vacuolar plant pigments confer vibrant colours to flowers, fruits and other organs of plants in 13 families of the order Caryophyllales. Their presence is mutually exclusive with the more common anthocyanins. By comparison, relatively little is known about regulation of their synthesis and of their functional roles. Tyrosine is the precursor to betalains, and there are few downstream enzymatic steps to production of the first coloured compounds. Thus, the betalain biosynthesis pathway is relatively amenable to molecular investigation. One of the best characterised enzymes in the pathway is DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase. It is encoded by the DODA gene and converts L-Dopa into betalamic acid. Genes responsible for some other enzymatic steps in betalain synthesis have not yet been identified. The flower of an Australian native plant, Calandrinia sp. nov., contains all basic colours associated with betalain biosynthesis (viz. violet, red-orange, yellow and white) within single petals. The concentrically-zoned phenotype is, thus, modulated developmentally and spatially, and represents a novel genetic system for the study of betalain biosynthesis regulation. To date, our HPLC and LCMS analyses showed that the violet petal sectors contained four betacyanin pigments. Distinct from most other betalain-containing plant species, the simplest betacyanin, the aglycone betanidin, was the predominant pigment. Yellow petal sectors contained four different betaxanthin pigments. A mix of violet betacyanins and yellow betaxanthins was found in red petal sectors, where betanidin was the major betacyanin and the betaxanthin composition was similar to that of yellow petal sectors. Microscopy revealed that the betacyanin pigments are expressed in long, multiple-papillate epidermal petal cells. Epidermal cell structure may contribute to the highly lustrous appearance of Calandrinia sp. nov. flowers. We are currently characterising the expression of DODA gene homologues in this model flower." @default.
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- W115301256 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W115301256 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W115301256 title "An Australian native plant, Calandrinia sp. nov., as a model for investigating betalain pigment synthesis" @default.
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