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- W1154190354 abstract "This chapter discusses our current understanding of gene regulation in Clostridium difficile, focusing on how toxin production is regulated, with a particular emphasis on the major toxins, toxin A and toxin B. The onset of toxin synthesis is associated with entry into the stationary phase of growth. The precise growth phase signals involved in the initiation of toxin production remain unknown, even though nutrient signals have clearly been shown to have a profound effect on toxin production by C. difficile. TcdA and TcdB are encoded by tcdA and tcdB, respectively, which are located in a region of the chromosome known as the pathogenicity locus (PaLoc). The TcdR protein has a helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif and has limited similarity to some clostridial transcriptional activator proteins, as well as to several families of eubacterial RNA polymerase sigma factors, which is consistent with the hypothesis that TcdR is a positive regulator of toxin production. The regulation of toxin production in C. difficile is clearly complex and relies on a number of different regulatory systems. In Bacillus species, activation of Spo0A occurs via a phosphorelay cascade that eventuates in the phosphorylation of Spo0A via Spo0F and Spo0B. SigH is an alternative sigma factor that is involved in the transition to stationary phase and sporulation. Recent breakthroughs in genetic manipulation technologies available for C. difficile, together with refined animal infection models, will facilitate future studies and will further define the complex regulatory networks involved in C. difficile toxin regulation." @default.
- W1154190354 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1154190354 date "2016-09-19" @default.
- W1154190354 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W1154190354 title "Regulation of Toxin Production in Clostridium difficile" @default.
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- W1154190354 doi "https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555818524.ch15" @default.
- W1154190354 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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