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- W118003990 abstract "The chemical properties of water are unique. Because chemical structure is the basis of reactivity, the molecular and bulk fluid structure of water is initially discussed. Hydrogen bonding is the dominant noncovalent force in the formation of the complex intermolecular structures that form in condensed phases. The structures of various ices are well understood, as is to a lesser extent the local (short-range) structure of water in the bulk fluid state. However, long-range structuring in bulk water is difficult to study because of the subpicosecond fluctuations at which water molecules change their intermolecular orientations. For long-range structuring in bulk water, the ‘flickering cluster’ model, in which ice-like hexameric clusters reside within relatively amorphous regions, is widely accepted. However, other recent models suggest that dodecahedral and even icosahedral clusters may form. Chemical reactivity in the hydrosphere that is mediated by water represents an enormous body of knowledge. The hydration of ions, including hydronium, hydroxide, and aluminum ion, using the ‘concentric shell’ model, is reviewed. An outline of reactions that involve water, including autoionization, acid–base, complexation, precipitation, and electron transfer, is also presented. Finally, trends in the chemical composition of freshwater, including brief discussions of dissolved gases, major ions, and nutrients, are reviewed." @default.
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- W118003990 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W118003990 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W118003990 title "Chemical Properties of Water" @default.
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- W118003990 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012370626-3.00008-9" @default.
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