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• W11843309 abstract "On 11 August 1750, British ship captain John Newton departed Liverpool aboard the vessel, Duke of Argyle, setting sail for the Windward Coast of Africa. After docking close a month later, he entered into business negotiations with local merchants for the procurement of various goods--both human and non-human. Much his satisfaction, the number of captives he boarded on his ship increased. However, as he traveled the waters venturing into different coastal areas, he confronted several instances of declining health among purchased bondpeople and several crew members. Following his arrival in a region referred as Rio Junque, West Africa, the unhealthy environment aboard ship appeared hinder Newton's future trading voyages and forced him declare, Having so many sick, am afraid [we] shall be able keep our boats going, presumably conclude any of his immediate slaving endeavors. (1) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] As sickness continued advance, Newton chose draw upon available coastal resources in hopes of restoring the health of some of those enslaved. Prior his departure the neighboring locale of Grand Bassa, on 12 January 1751, he discharged several seamen put a boy on [shore], 27, being very bad with a (2) Three weeks after the young male's removal, his designated caretaker, Andrew Ross, shared with Newton that treatment notwithstanding, the bonded child's health deteriorated and he died. All too often, the physical and psychological traumas captives underwent during their final moments of life remain unrecorded. Despite the financial loss incurred by the boy's death, Newton intimated it was indeed what I expected. (3) Three months later, while attempting finalize slave sales in preparation for his Atlantic departure, Newton faced yet another medical episode. This concerned an enslaved girl referred as No. 92, who also became enfeebled by the flux. Similar her male shipmate, Newton sent the young female captive on shore, this time an individual named Peter Freeman. Upon her transfer, Newton concluded it was not so much in hopes of recovery (for I fear she is past it), but instead as he professed, to free the ship of a nuisance. In many respects his actions can be perceived as cold and indifferent the girl's condition. Yet, the primary concern for Newton, as with many slaving captains, rested on maximizing profits through the importation of healthy bondpeople. His financial intentions aside, on Wednesday morning, the next day following her relocation ashore, the young No. 92 died. (4) Ill health was a common aspect of the transatlantic slave trade. Thus given the wider terrain of sickness and death that claimed the lives of countless other enslaved Africans, the loss of the two above-mentioned captives is entirely unique. Ship captains carefully sought healthy Africans in their coastal negotiations. The proliferation of dangerous maladies, however, often weakened captives' valuable bodies, in some cases reducing the numbers of those transported New World ports. Regardless of race or gender, individuals traveling across the Atlantic were never granted immunity various seaborne ailments or spared from subsequent death. Even more importantly, medical complaints and treatment required for restoration played out much differently at sea than on land. In 1896 the young historian W. E. B. Du Bois distinguished himself as a leading scholar on the transatlantic slave trade through publication of his Harvard dissertation, The Suppression of the African Slave Trade the United States of America, 1638-1870. (5) Owing greatly Du Bois's early influence, a large number of studies continue emerge, further unearthing various aspects of this gruesome chapter in human history. Bicentennial anniversaries of the abolition of the slave trade by the British and the Americans have also helped revive many of these important discussions. …" @default.
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• W11843309 date "2008-10-01" @default.
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• W11843309 title "I Never Have Such a Sickly Ship Before: Diet, Disease, and Mortality in 18th-Century Atlantic Slaving Voyages" @default.
• W11843309 doi "https://doi.org/10.1086/jaahv93n4p474" @default.
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