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• W1192896820 abstract "This panel was convened at 9:00 am, Saturday, April 12, by its moderator, Simona Grossi of Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, who introduced the panelists: Cassandra Burke Robertson of Case Western University Law School; Zachary Clopton of the University of Chicago Law School; Anthony Colangelo of Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law; and Beth Stephens of Rutgers University School of Law. STATE LAW LITIGATION OF INTERNATIONAL NORMS: HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIMENSIONS By Zachary D. Clopton * For decades, scholars of international litigation focused their attention on the federal courts. The combination of diversity, alienage, federal question, and Alien Tort Statute (ATS) jurisdiction largely justified this focus, opening multiple avenues for litigants to prosecute claims in federal courts. In recent years, however, the federal courts have closed some doors to international litigation. In response, international litigators have turned their gaze to state courts. This panel is but one example of this new direction. For an excellent earlier treatment of this topic, the University of California Irvine Law Review published a symposium issue in 2013 dedicated to human rights litigation in state courts and under state law. (1) Within this new domain of U.S. states and international law, the focus justifiably has been on causes of action derived from common-law sources (whether in state or federal courts): (1) state law; (2) foreign law, through state choice-of-law rules, and (3) international law, also through state choice of law. What unites these categories is that courts are responsible for the relevant lawmaking choices. But state political branches also can engage with international norms. Examining the current and potential roles for state political branches permits an examination of doctrinal and theoretical questions in state litigation. First, I will offer some examples (real and hypothetical) of state political branch involvement. Second, I will discuss two sets of inquiries in these cases: vertical debates about federal versus state actors, and horizontal debates about courts versus political branches. Third, I will discuss federal court doctrines that could limit state-level litigation, but I will do so in light of these horizontal and vertical dimensions. Finally, I will comment briefly on how state political branch involvement could play out with respect to the litigation of international norms. STATE POLITICAL BRANCHES Given the shortness of life, I will only briefly summarize some of the ways that state political branches can participate in the instantiation of international norms. With respect to international agreements, state statutes can implement international treaties, including non-self-executing treaties or even treaties not ratified by the U.S. Senate. To date, these efforts have primarily been in the area of international private law, such as the International Wills Convention. States also can make agreements with foreign governments on their own-the Great Lakes Charter and California's recent efforts on global warming are two examples. Julian Ku has been at the forefront of documenting both of these varieties of state participation in international law. (2) State statutes also can touch on international norms. The state laws preempted in cases like Crosby, (3) Garamendi, (4) and the Ninth Circuit's decision in Movsesian, (5) for example, touch on these issues. One also could imagine state statutes directly incorporating international law. What about a state alien tort statute providing state-court jurisdiction for violations of the law of nations? State statutes could specify causes of action for violations of certain international norms, and such statutes even could provide a cause of action without requiring the plaintiff to show injury in fact, since Article III standing is only a requirement for federal jurisdiction. …" @default.
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• W1192896820 date "2014-01-01" @default.
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• W1192896820 title "State Law Litigation of International Norms" @default.
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