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- W1203508849 abstract "Urban sanitation and waste management services are in cnsis in many Asian countries, attributed to a number of factors. In this paper we argue that the crisis is exacerbated by the application of inappropriate economic and technological models for urban sanitation. We examine why the dominant models, including full-cost pricing driven by neoclassical economics, are inappropriate in the context of Asian countries. On the basis of Ecological Economics and Buddhist Economics, we identify a set of principles for arriving at more sustainable solutions. Sanitation's role as a service for waste removal and disposal is expanded to a synergistic group of economically feasible services provided through cooperation between service providers, community and government. The STEEP framework is shown to be a useful way to tailor the sanitation options on the basis of contextual factors. Eutrophied and malodorous bodies of water and wayside mounds of uncollected waste are common sights in many cities of Asian countries, symptomatic of a crisis in urban sanitation and waste management. Many reasons are given for this critical state, such as inadequate funding, institutional failure, and weak capacity to provide services (Evans 2005; Gutierrez et al. 2003). In this paper we identify three additional contributing factors: inadequate attention to contextual factors of particular locations, the application of an inappropriate economic model for cost recovery, and an inappropriate technological model. We look to alternative models and a way to systematically take account of contextual factors that can influence sustainable sanitation in particular locations. Our analysis is illustrative and focuses on sanitation in this paper; the arguments may be extended along very similar lines to be applicable to waste management. Overview of the dominant paradigm for urban sanitation The models for the economic management, technology choice, and administration of urban sanitation that are currently applied around the world, resulted from the particular historical transition of European cities through the industrial revolution to modem cities of today. In this section we provide a brief overview of the progression of urban sanitation practice in the developed North to the present time. As large populations moved into newly industrialising cities of the 19th century, unsafe disposal of human and household waste led to squalid urban environments and deterioration in public health. Governments responded by investing in service infrastructures with centralised control and management systems reflecting the prevailing approaches of centralised, autocratic systems of government. The governmental priority was for increasing the coverage of services to facilitate economic development. As a result, urban demand was, and still is, met through large centralized infrastructures that bring energy and water to cities from distant places, and transfer wastewater and household waste out of cities to distant places." @default.
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- W1203508849 date "2005-01-01" @default.
- W1203508849 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W1203508849 title "Cost Recovery for Urban Sanitation in Asian Countries: Insurmountable Barrier or Opportunity for Sustainability?" @default.
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