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• W120421189 abstract "By the year 2050, European-Americans will make up approximately 53% of the population while Hispanics, African, Native and Asian Americans and other minorities will comprise the rest of American society (Morganthau, 1997; US Census Bureau, 1992). This growing diversity has stimulated discourse within the fields of counselor education, adult education, higher education student services (a counseling related program) and other fields concerning the roles professional educators should play in introducing issues concerning diversity and fostering awareness and tolerance of differences among their graduate students. Regardless of the training received in graduate professional preparation programs, adult educators and counselors increasingly find themselves working in situations that require them to engage effectively in cross-cultural exchanges between themselves and their students or clients. Knowledge about individual views and values have been discussed as crucial to constructing effective counseling education (Abramovitz & Dobecki, 1977; Hadley & Strupp, 1977; Ibrahim 1985; Sue, 1978, 1981) and adult education programs (Tisdell, 1995; Cervero & Wilson, 1994; Cunningham, 1987). Since graduate education courses should provide training for adult educators and counselors who will in turn interact with the larger diverse population of learners, curriculum should incorporate readings, reflection, and discussions concerning the important issues of race, class, gender, and sexual orientation (Bailey, Tisdell, & Cervero, 1994; Cunningham, 1989). However, to plan programs and classes that focus on these topics and stimulate active discussion, listening, and understanding among students, more information is needed concerning the current views of graduate students in these programs. The problem this study addressed, then, was the lack of information concerning the current views of typical graduate students in adult education, counselor education, higher education student services, and educational administration programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the views of adult education, counselor education, higher education student services, and educational administration graduate students in order to plan more effective programs and classes. Review of Literature A person's view is that individual's perceptions of their relationship with the world (Sue, 1978, 1981). Broader definitions of view have been based on Kluckhohn's (1951, 1956) anthropological work on values orientations and values emphasis in various cultures. The Kluckhohn framework examines philosophical and psychological dimensions of beliefs, value assumptions and behavior of individuals and groups. Scales that assess beliefs and values from Kluckhohn's paradigm have been developed by Szapocznik, Scopetta, Aranalde, and Kurtines (1978) and Green and Haymes (1973). Ibrahim and Kahn (1987) contend that views can influence goals of a society and the individuals in that society (Ibrahim & Kahn, 1987). Because they believed in the importance of profiling and studying views of individuals and groups (p. 163), they developed the Scale to Assess World View that aids in examining, assessing, and understanding individual and group views. Their scale examines five existential categories that are believed to influence behaviors, motivations, decisions, lifestyles and other areas of life: general organized conception of human nature, social relationship, nature, time, and activity. Cross-cultural awareness is developed when an individual is enabled to interact with someone of a different culture, race, or ethnic background with authenticity, respect, openness, and acceptance (Christensen, 1989, p. 274). Christensen developed a model for cross-cultural development that takes into account the major developmental task of discovering and integrating people's ethnicity, culture, and race as these affect self and others in a multicultural and multiracial society. …" @default.
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• W120421189 date "1999-03-22" @default.
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• W120421189 title "Implications of Students' World Views in Graduate Professional Preparation Programs" @default.
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