FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W121209369> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W121209369 startingPage "983" @default.
• W121209369 abstract "I. Introduction On July 25, 1985, Council European Communities adopted a product liability directive(1) (the Directive) that has engendered a wide and varied debate among industry and consumer groups,(2) as well as within legal community.(3) Directive(4) has been legislatively adopted all Member States European Union (EU) (as European Community (EC) is now known) except Ireland, France, and Spain.(5) However, debate over Directive's impact on litigation and on competition in EU has yet to be resolved. This Note will undertake an analysis Directive with an eye toward that debate. author will first analyze Directive, its history and implementation, and interesting and relevant differences between it and U.S. product liability law, from a doctrinal standpoint. Note will next discuss impact Directive on trade in light various predictions scholars. author will explain why fears a European product liability crisis on a U.S. scale are unfounded, in large part because important procedural structures discouraging litigation in Europe. analysis will conclude with a call for reform Directive itself, justified Directive's purported goals protecting European consumers and harmonizing European product liability law so as to create a level competitive playing field in EU.(6) II. Scope and Direction Directive Directive begins with a simple but far-reaching prescription: The producer shall be liable for damage caused a defect in his product.(7) Thus, with a single sentence, Directive wipes away years negligence doctrine in European product liability law, with one caveat. After a Member State has enacted Directive, a plaintiff may still employ that country's previously available tort and contract remedies,(8) unless individual country's enabling legislation eliminates them. Directive next defines key relevant terms such as product, and defective.(9) term product, which includes electricity, encompasses all movable articles except primary agricultural products and game.(10) Directive's designation what qualifies as a producer is expansive, and therefore threatens more individuals and companies with liability than those currently exposed to litigation under present legal regimes in EU countries.(11) Directive provides that product or component part manufacturers, producers raw materials, and those who present themselves as producers all meet definition producers.(12) Were these only qualifications, perhaps Directive would not have occasioned such an outcry from industry concerns. However, Directive also defines those who import products into EU as producers.(13) Finally, Directive permits plaintiffs to treat each supplier (of product causing injury) as a defendant-producer unless that supplier apprises plaintiff of identity producer or person who supplied him with product.(14) This places burden on named defendant to prove that he is not producer. Thus, Directive places a higher burden on product liability defendants than they face under U.S. law, where burden proof for identifying defendant rests with plaintiff.(15) Further, under Article 4, plaintiff need only prove defect in product, damage suffered, and causal link between two.(16) Implicitly, plaintiff is encouraged to assert that any supplier is thereby forcing named supplier to try and avoid liability naming another producer, or proving that the defect which caused damage [probably] did not exist . . . when put into circulation by supplier but came into being afterwards.(17) A product is defective under Directive according to a consumer expectations test. …" @default.
• W121209369 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W121209369 creator A5007610485 @default.
• W121209369 date "1994-03-22" @default.
• W121209369 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W121209369 title "The European Product Liability Directive: A Comparison with U.S. Law, an Analysis of Its Impact on Trade, and a Recommendation for Reform So as to Accomplish Harmonization and Consumer Protection" @default.
• W121209369 hasPublicationYear "1994" @default.
• W121209369 type Work @default.
• W121209369 sameAs 121209369 @default.
• W121209369 citedByCount "7" @default.
• W121209369 countsByYear W1212093692013 @default.
• W121209369 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W121209369 hasAuthorship W121209369A5007610485 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C115314567 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C135522663 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C144133560 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C155202549 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C190253527 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C199360897 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C2524010 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C2777449729 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C2777834853 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C2777861868 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C2779547435 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C2910001868 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C2989499966 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C3019422483 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C33923547 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C52487910 @default.
• W121209369 hasConcept C90673727 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C115314567 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C135522663 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C144133560 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C155202549 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C162324750 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C17744445 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C190253527 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C199360897 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C199539241 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C2524010 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C2777449729 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C2777834853 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C2777861868 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C2779547435 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C2910001868 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C2989499966 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C3019422483 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C33923547 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C41008148 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C52487910 @default.
• W121209369 hasConceptScore W121209369C90673727 @default.
• W121209369 hasIssue "3" @default.
• W121209369 hasLocation W1212093691 @default.
• W121209369 hasOpenAccess W121209369 @default.
• W121209369 hasPrimaryLocation W1212093691 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W1501702404 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W1529940245 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W1586713346 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W1736146730 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2031660390 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2067516900 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2165613363 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2181759715 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2263151608 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2280768752 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2315146771 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2374173690 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2953235667 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2988735501 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W3115944352 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W3122916506 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W3164695630 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W3191342113 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W59376321 @default.
• W121209369 hasRelatedWork W2305795364 @default.
• W121209369 hasVolume "25" @default.
• W121209369 isParatext "false" @default.
• W121209369 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W121209369 magId "121209369" @default.
• W121209369 workType "article" @default.