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• W121279682 abstract "The nickel extraction process is dictated by the mineralogical assemblage of the sulphide and oxide nickel ores from which it occurs. The rejection of pyrrhotite, which occurs commonly with pentlandite, has been of no real importance in many mills treating sulphide ores except in countries having strict restrictions on SO2 emission. Pyrrhotite rejection from pentlandite is not very satisfactory in the plants adopting differential flotation, but recent investigations indicate the possibility of employing SO2 and DETA besides adopting starvation flotation. Sodium thiosulphate, and a mixture of triethylenetetramine and sodium sulphite can be an alternate pyrrhotite depressants. Poor floatability of < 10 μm size pentlandite slimes and the > 75 μm size pentlandite grains can be addressed by split conditioning and floating at < 20% and > 45% solids concentration respectively and by adopting high intensity conditioning (> 1500 kwh m− 3 of pulp) to slimes. The slimes problem in sulphide ores can be partly mitigated by using sea water or 10% sodium chloride solution. The problems often encountered in sulfide flotation are the fast floating magnesia-bearing minerals and coatings of chrysotile and lizardite. Such problems can be addressed successfully by adding soda ash, CMC or sodium chloride. Plants where SO2 emissions are not a problem can adopt collector less flotation at acidic pH as a cost-effective pre-concentration process. There seems little prospect of upgrading nickel from oxide ores since the nickel values are finely dispersed. Hence, nickel is extracted from oxide ores by processing the entire mass making its extraction 2–3 times more expensive than its extraction from sulphide ores. Marginal upgrading is possible by using dioxime collectors in combination with sodium oleate on garnierite but the high nickel losses in tailings didnot support commercial application. In view of the contemporary technological practices being followed elsewhere in the world and the ~ 1%Ni bearing ores utility for commercial nickel extraction, flotation of limonitic ores with anionic collectors like petroleum sulfonates at pH 3 is likely to play a vital role in raising the nickel content to above 1.1%Ni from lean limonitic deposits abundantly available in various tropical zones and especially in India. Processing such flotation concentrate by hydrometallurgical routes for nickel extraction need to be explored besides attempting Caron process in view of the potential recovery feasibility of fine magnetite from the leach residue which can be used as pellet feed for iron making. Cobalt minerals are generally recovered as by-products during the extraction of zinc, copper, nickel, silver, etc.. Flotation of cobalt sulfide ores can be best achieved at acidic pH (~ 4) with xanthate collectors and at pH of about 7.5 for oxide ores with nitrosonaphthol chelating reagents, while their mixture is recommended for oxidized sulfide ores. In case of oxide copper-cobalt ores as available in Congo, sulphidisation with 1:1 sodium hydrogen sulphide and ammonium sulphide followed by flotation with amyl xanthate collector will improve the grades of copper and cobalt significantly." @default.
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• W121279682 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W121279682 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W121279682 title "Nickel and Cobalt Ores: Flotation" @default.
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