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• W121570315 abstract "Hizb'Allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis, by Magnus Ranstorp. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. xvi + 206 pages. Notes to p. 240. Bibl. to p. 248. Index to p. 257. $18.95. Reviewed by Giandomenico Picco This book addresses three subjects: the history of the Hizballah (Party of God), relations between the party and Iran and Syria, and the behavior of the United States, France and the United Kingdom in dealing with the Western hostage crisis in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The most significant aspect of the book is the way in which Magnus Ranstorp takes us into the reality of the civil strife in Lebanon, with its national, regional and international dimensions, while simultaneously underlining the fundamental relevance of the personal component in the creation and development of the Hizballah. There would have been no Hizballah without Najaf, the learning center in Iraq where Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and many of the Lebanese religious leaders met and studied together in the 1960s and 1970s. The personal contacts and relationships that developed in Najaf are the cradle of the party and its politics. Ranstorp never loses sight of the fact that in the world of Islam in general, and certainly of Shi'ism in particular, there is no difference between public and private, and therefore the history of the Party of God in Lebanon is the history of its leaders, its major militants, and its spiritual guides. Ranstorp goes into much detail in his delineation of a series of steps affecting Hizballah. These include: the expulsion of the UN Multi-National Force (MNF) from Lebanon in 1984, the withdrawal of Israel from the suburbs of Beirut to the southern security zone in 1985, the qualitative leap in security and technology in the late 1980s in the fight against Israel, and the ability of Hizballah to remain the only armed militia in Lebanon after the Ta'if Agreement in 1991. The relationship between Iran and Hizballah, especially between the various factions and religious leaders in Iran and the changes of policies by the party, is rich in detail for those who wish to understand the multifaceted reality of the region. Profoundly linked to Iran for religious, political, financial and military reasons, Hizballah leaders nevertheless had their own agenda and, as of late 1986, gradually assumed a more independent role vis-a-vis Iran. The complex relationship between the party and Tehran (i.e., with various religious figures in Tehran, with the Pasdarans [revolutionary guards] and with the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran), particularly in the latter part of the 1980s and 1990s, is not one, as some seem to believe in the West, of puppet and puppeteer, as the release of the Western hostages proved. Ranstorp portrays Syria as a monolithic country with President Hafiz al-Asad as the controller of the transit channel between Iran and Hizballah. Damascus' rapport with Tehran was affected by the Iran-Iraq war (1980-88), the fight between Amal and Hizballah in Lebanon, and, later, the desire of President Asad to become an interlocuteur valable for the Americans while Tehran remained opposed to any rapprochement with the United States. …" @default.
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• W121570315 title "Lebanon-Hizb'Allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis" @default.
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