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- W1230385 abstract "Homogeneous nucleation rates of binary or ternary solutions with thermodynamic equilibrium compositions above the frost point are much too low to be of importance for polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) freezing. A single bulk experiment with no freezing event at all may be used to exclude homogeneous freezing of stratospheric droplets on a very high level of confidence. Hence, for very low nucleation rates, a bulk phase experiment with large volume can easily yield more information than an aerosol droplet experiment, where to reach similar products of solution volume and total observation time would require times much too long for practical measurements in the laboratory. The rate coefficients determined in the chapter represent upper bounds for homogeneous nucleation. However, for the investigated binary and ternary solutions even the upper bounds are not sufficient for droplet freezing under stratospheric conditions therefore, the true homogeneous rates are the most ineffective. The present experiments leave open two pathways for the formation of solid hydrates of nitric or sulfuric acid. Either the hydrates form on water ice below the frost point or they form above the frost point after homogeneous nucleation from binary or almost binary HNO3/H20 solutions, whose H2SO4 concentrations have been reduced to values < 0.01 wt% because of strong temperature fluctuations. In both cases, the bulk experiments indicate sufficiently fast nucleation rates, which should be investigated by aerosol experiments in the near future." @default.
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- W1230385 date "1996-01-01" @default.
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- W1230385 title "Freezing of binary and ternary solutions of h2so4, hno3 and h2o under stratospheric conditions" @default.
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- W1230385 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008042030-1/50075-5" @default.
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