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- W123382819 abstract "Smallholders are the centerpiece of a 'pro-poor' agricultural growth agenda. Empowered through producer organizations and made more competitive by both institutional and techno-logical innovations, small farmers can become greater market participants, both domestically and globally. The World Bank has gained considerable experience in this field through its sup-port to several projects in Latin America and Asia. Globalization and telecommunications (internet) have created new opportunities for small farmers to enhance their position in the international marketplace. Niche markets, and the increasing demand for high-value organic, specialty (e.g., coffee, cocoa) and 'fair-trade' products, have shortened the distance between producer and end-market, permitting small farmers and processors to link directly with retailers (and even consumers). Such opportunities, although growing, are still only a fraction of the global market. Free trade agreements with the USA, Europe, and Asia also open the door for expanded exports, particularly fruit and vegetables, which can be produced cost-effectively by small farmers. However, with its focus on competitiveness, globalization favors larger-scale operations in the quest for increasingly higher trade volumes to counter ever tighter margins. Large companies dominate international agricultural trade: the market share of the four largest companies in the coffee, cocoa and tea sectors is 40, 50 and 80 percent, respectively. Bananas, citrus fruit and flower markets show similar concentration patterns. Large companies prefer large suppliers; they are generally more reliable as business partners and generate lower transactions costs. Moreover, the food trade requires standardization, favoring products of certain dimensions, variety or quality. Phytosanitary and health requirements impose hefty costs of inspections and laboratory analyses. These factors contribute to an increasing business concentration on the supply side in value chains." @default.
- W123382819 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W123382819 date "2012-01-01" @default.
- W123382819 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W123382819 title "Value chains and small farmer integration" @default.
- W123382819 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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