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• W123776885 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION command of Establishment Clause, according United States Supreme Court, that one religious denomination cannot be officially preferred over another. (1) The source of idea animating this core principle of nonestablishment is The Federalist Papers and insight that security for religious liberty results from a level playing field upon which a multiplicity of sects are free compete with each other for adherents. (2) As Court observed in Larson v. Valente, (3) Madison's vision--freedom for all religion being guaranteed by free competition between religions--naturally assumed that every denomination would be equally at liberty exercise and propagate its beliefs. (4) In other words, command of Establishment is require legislators and voters to accord their own very same treatment given new, or denominations. (5) Although command against denominational preferences is strong and clear, there is much about Larson and its important doctrine that needs clarification. For example, when do laws create denominational preferences? Are they created when government enacts facially neutral laws that have a disparate impact on different religions? Or are they created when government enacts denominational classifications directed at some small, new, or unpopular religion? Or is it enough that a law explicitly treats some religious institutions better than others? For example, suppose a zoning law conditions a special use permit for a college or university be located in a certain neighborhood upon a showing that applicant is not a institution or does not offer a degree or major in theology. Does this law create a denominational preference for religious colleges that are not pervasively sectarian or for those that teach theology from a non-devotional, as opposed a devotional, perspective? (6) Suppose that instead of being contained in a zoning law, these kinds of restrictions were enacted in an otherwise generally available scholarship program for needy college students. (7) The purpose of this article is analyze Supreme Court's doctrine prohibiting denominational preferences with a view toward mapping out boundaries of doctrine in light of its animating principle of free religious competition. I will then attempt apply clearest command of Establishment Clause facts of a recent free exercise decision of Court, Locke v. Davey. (8) Although Court in Davey rejected a free exercise challenge a state scholarship program that denied funding students pursuing college degrees in devotional theology, (9) I will suggest that this exclusion creates a denominational preference that appears violate Establishment and teachings of Larson. Indeed, I will argue that Larson applies with particular force in cases in which religious lines are drawn by funding laws in which benefit if applied uniformly all religions would comply with Establishment Clause. (10) II. THE SUPREME COURT'S DOCTRINE CONCERNING DENOMINATIONAL PREFERENCES A. THE CATEGORICAL RULE OF LARSON In Larson v. Valente, Minnesota enacted a statute regulate charitable solicitations in order protect public and beneficiaries of charitable contributions from fraudulent practices. (11) Under this enactment, certain religious organizations were exempted from law's registration and reporting requirements. In particular, law exempted only those religious organizations that received more than half of their total contributions from members or affiliated organizations.... (12) The Supreme Court held that fifty percent rule created a denominational preference, because it imposed the registration and reporting requirements of Act on some religious organizations but not on others. …" @default.
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• W123776885 date "2010-09-22" @default.
• W123776885 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W123776885 title "The Clearest Command of the Establishment Clause: Denominational Preferences, Religious Liberty, and Public Scholarships That Classify Religions" @default.
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