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- W124372357 abstract "A speaker’s gaze reliably precedes her reference to an object. This consistent link can permit a listener who frontally faces the speaker to inspect the upcoming referent before its mention. It is unclear whether this listener benefit is pervasive even across different sentence structures and when speaker and listener don’t face each other directly. A video-taped speaker seated at an angle relative to the camera referred to two out of three characters on a computer screen, using either a subjectverb-object or a non-canonical object-verb-subject sentence. She shifted gaze once from the pre-verbal to the post-verbal referent, a behavior which could, in principle, allow the listener to anticipate which character would be mentioned postverbally. We recorded eye movements to the characters during spoken comprehension, as well as post-sentence verification times on whether a subsequent schematic depiction of the sentence content correctly depicted the referents (Experiment 1) or the thematic role relations (Experiment 2). The availability of speaker gaze (vs. when no speaker was present) did not affect verification times in either experiment. In the online eye movement measures, however, it led to earlier anticipation of the post-verbal referent, even though the speaker was hardly ever inspected during comprehension. The effect of gaze on fixation patterns interacted with sentence structure, suggesting differential effects of the gaze cue depending on the syntax of the corresponding sentence. Our findings show that (a) speaker gaze effects on listener comprehension (as reflected in eye movements) are robust even when the speaker doesn’t frontally face the listener; (b) gaze doesn’t just modulate referential processing, but also interacts rapidly with ongoing syntactic structuring and thematic role assignment." @default.
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- W124372357 title "Peripheral speaker gaze facilitates spoken language comprehension: syntactic structuring and thematic role asssignment in German" @default.
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