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- W124617587 abstract "Sterols, steroidal sapogenins, steroidal alkaloids and alkaloidal amines derived from plant sources provide the starting materials for steroid production. Sarmentogenin (III) a cardiac glycoside, was first used, but the source was limited. Hecogenin (IV), a saponin (Agave sislana), was manufactured to cortisone by the process of Spensley et al. Introduction of an oxygen atom at carbon 11 by microbiological means gave a new series of starting compounds, among them, diosgenin (V) which converts to progesterone, to 11 hydroxyprogesterone by fermentation, cortisone, hydrocortisone and delta compounds. Reviews on the development, physiological and biochemical aspects of oral contraceptives were mentioned. A steroid with activity equivalent to progesterone was made by Ehrenstein in a 12-step synthesis from a cardiac aglycone strophanthidin. Estradiol converted to 19-nor testosterone by Birch and Mukherji provided a breakthrough in production of 19-nor steroids and led to production of 19-nor progesterone (VI) with a higher activity than progesterone. 19-nor-17alpha-ethynyltestosterone (VIII), its acetate derivative, and a related compound (I) account for 80% of consumption of oral contraceptives in the United States. Reviews of nor-steroids by Colton and Kilmstra, and of the chemical developments leading to currently used steroid contraceptives by Djerassi are mentioned." @default.
- W124617587 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W124617587 date "1968-01-01" @default.
- W124617587 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W124617587 title "Contraceptives and other steroid drugs: their production from steroidal sapogenins." @default.
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