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- W124986432 abstract "year will be the centenary of Charles Darwin's death, and the occasion will, no doubt, be properly memorialized. But it will be a very different kind of occasion from that celebrated twenty-two years ago on the anniversary of the Origin of Species. In these two decades the advances in genetics, paleontology, embryology, molecular biology, and all the other sciences that are now thought to a bearing on evolution many of which did not even exist in Darwin's time made the theory of Darwinism ever more remote from anything Darwin would recognized by that name. And if Darwinism, as we know it, has come a long way from its origins, the social theories derived from Darwinism had an even more curious evolution. It is a situation another eminent Victorian, Lord Acton, would appreciated. Ideas, Acton wrote, have a radiation and development, an ancestry and posterity of their own, in which men play the part of godfathers and godmothers more than that of legitimate parents. The most familiar form of Social Darwinism is that espoused, not by Darwin, but by Herbert Spencer: the idea that natural selection functions, or should function, the same way in society that it functions in nature; that the struggle for existence is the precondition for the emergence of the socially fit as for the biologically fit; and that the best society is one that approximates a state of nature, that is least regulated, least governed, least controlled by extraneous forces or purposes a laissez-faire society, in short. This view of Social Darwinism is unsatisfactory on several counts. In equating a laissez-faire society with a Hobbesian state of nature, it suggests that the laws of the marketplace are nothing more than the laws of the jungle, and that the ethos of a commercial society is a barely veiled legitimization (sublimation, in the more sophisticated version of this theory) of violence. Nor is the alternative genealogy more satisfactory that which derives Social Darwinism, not from Hobbes, but from Malthus. It is no accident, it is often said, that Darwin was inspired by that classic of laissez-faire, An Essay on The Principle of Population. But" @default.
- W124986432 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W124986432 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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- W124986432 title "In Defense of the Two Cultures" @default.
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