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• W125143507 abstract "The work presented here describes a novel approach for determining past and present effectsof a power station thermal plume discharge on an estuary. The technique utilised benthicdiatoms, combining palaeoecological and contemporaneous multi-taxa approaches, todemonstrate that diatoms were not only responding to the plume in the modern dayenvironment, but also indicated a changing temperature regime within the receiving water bayover time. The approach provided new information and demonstrated a range of techniquesthat may be employed for improved management of thermal discharges to enclosed coastalwater bodies.To determine the spatial distribution of benthic diatoms in relation to a power stationcooling field, the discharge at Vales Point, Lake Macquarie, was selected as the study site andfirst sampled in 2003. The initial fieldwork sampled sediments along a thermal gradient withincreased distance from the discharge point. This spatial pattern was then replicated withintwo other southern lake control embayments. Multi-variate analyses determined thattemperature and a number of other variables associated with the plume explained gradients inthe diatom flora of the receiving bay. Satellite imagery and high resolution logger data thenprovided detailed plume and lake temperature information and indicated that thermal loadingof lake water and thus the potential for ecological effects were expected to be greater inautumn/winter compared to summer.To determine changes in receiving bay water quality over time and to establish prepowerstation baseline conditions, a sediment core was obtained from Wyee Bay, subsectioned, 210Pb dated and analysed for fossil benthic diatoms. Diatom-inference models werethen developed based upon a localised reference dataset obtained from sample sites acrossLake Macquarie and NSW central coast estuaries. The assemblage profile displayed periods(several years to decades) of relative homogeneity and heterogeneity (years to a decade), coincidentwith the major phases of power station operation. A change in assemblages was alsoobserved around 1925-30 and prior to power station commissioning, indicating a change toreceiving bay ecology at an earlier time. Although the salinity and temperature data were both adequate for modelling, reconstruction errors meant that only longer-term trends werediscernable for temperature. When compared to real-time data (monitoring) variability insalinity within the core was relatively well represented by the model and appeared to respondto climatic factors such as SOI and rainfall. Longer-term salinity trends, however, were not asreliable as those for temperature.In an effort to improve the temperature-inference model for the Wyee Bay core analternative reference dataset was developed by sampling across a natural temperaturegradient. Triplicate samples from 13 estuaries from Noosa (southern Queensland) to Eden(southern NSW) (26 °S – 37 °S) were analysed for benthic diatoms and combined withenvironmental variables to establish a Temperature-Latitude (TL) dataset. Sensitivity testingwas also conducted to examine the roles of eveness/unevenness (structure) within the sampledesign, numbers of species and taxonomic resolution on the multi-variate analyses and modeloutput. While latitude, salinity and phosphate were the variables that consistently explainedthe greatest proportion of variability across the different datasets, salinity, temperature andnutrients were dominant when latitude was removed. Most models using TL datasetsimproved reconstruction errors; however, the nested (nTL1) dataset provided the bestinferred-temperature history for Wyee Bay when validated by long-term monitoring data.Generally, the environmental variables attributable to gradients between lakes were the sameregardless of the number of species, sample design or taxonomic resolution.To increase our understanding of the changes in diatoms and lake ecology over agreater pre-power station and pre-industrial (heavy metals) period two additional cores wereobtained for the final phase of the study. At both a plume-effected and a control site coredsediments were analysed for heavy metals and 210Pb to establish and cross validategeochemical chronology and identify pre-industrial boundaries. While only sediments of theCrangan Bay core were preserved adequately for dating it provided key information relativeto the original Wyee Bay core. Prior to heavy metal enrichment in the southern lake (1925-1942), Crangan Bay (control) (20-42 cm) and Wyee Bay (pre-1935) supported a similardiatom flora. Thus, it was inferred that the environmental condition of the lake’s southern embayments were likely to be similar at that time and relatively stable for Crangan Bay to atleast ~1790.The work described here demonstrated the applicability of benthic diatoms as toolsfor understanding spatial and temporal changes in a coastal lake associated with a powerstation thermal plume. Diatoms and the multi-taxa approach could be utilised as bioindicatortypetools for regular broadscale assessments of south-east coast estuarine health." @default.
• W125143507 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W125143507 creator A5035381379 @default.
• W125143507 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W125143507 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W125143507 title "Benthic diatoms as bioindicators of a point source thermal discharge to an estuary" @default.
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