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• W1253020 abstract "The people of District of Columbia, although citizens of United States, are not represented by a vote in Congress.1 The irony and injustice of this-that people who live in capital of country that strives to lead world by example are only citizens of a democracy who have no say in making of laws that govern them-is widely deplored, regardless of political party. Y et for more than 200 years, no politically viable solution has been adopted.The legal justification for depriving people of District of Columbia of voting representation in Congress is clear. The Constitution provides that House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen ... by People of several 2 The Senate is composed of two Senators each State, elected by people thereof... .3 The District of Columbia is not a state.4 Since Constitution does not explicitly provide D.C. residents with representation in Congress, this lack of stateness deprives them of representation in both houses of Congress.5This affront to principles of our democracy and to citizens who live in District of Columbia is extensively chronicled elsewhere,6 so this Paper will consider need to remedy situation self-evident and proceed from there.Many different legal solutions have been proposed over decades. None have proven to be politically viable both in Congress and with local District of Columbia leadership and electorate.7 This Paper argues three points. First, only practical way for people living in Washington, D.C., to become equal U.S. citizens is to be citizens of a state. Second, there are two routes to statehood-either by making D.C. fifty-first state 51) or by allowing it to combine with one of existing fifty states 50). Third, that there is no moral distinction between two solutions. As a result, District should seek whichever of two routes to statehood can be passed by Congress. The Paper ends by suggesting a legislative framework that Congress could follow to address concerns of each government entity that would be impacted by D.C. becoming a state, or part of a state.Many different ways to provide voting representation in Congress to D.C. residents have been suggested over last two hundred years, including:1) A constitutional amendment granting D.C. residents voting representation in Congress, but not granting statehood;82) Retroceding District to Maryland (as Virginia section of District was retroceded in 1846);93) Semi-retrocession, allowing qualified District residents to vote in Maryland in federal elections for Maryland Congressional delegation to U.S. House and Senate;104) Allowing D.C. citizens to vote in last state they lived before moving to D.C., as expatriates living overseas are allowed to vote in federal elections.* 11 D.C. natives would vote in Maryland elections (as current District was created from land donated by State of Maryland);125) Pass a law (or amend Constitution) allowing District a single voting representative to U.S. Senate, and House representation proportional to its population;136) Make District a state by redefining District boundaries to federal enclave around White House, Capitol, Supreme Court, and federal buildings (Statehood 51);147) Pass a law allowing District to merge with any state that would agree to merge with it (Statehood 50);158) Going in other direction altogether and relieving District residents of federal responsibilities, such as federal income tax, jury duty, and military conscription, in exchange for denial of voting representation.16 We do not entertain this solution because it exacerbates rather than remedies an unequal situation.In 1790, Congress created District of Columbia as the permanent seat of government of United States on territory ceded by states of Maryland and Virginia. …" @default.
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• W1253020 date "2014-10-01" @default.
• W1253020 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1253020 title "…Chosen by the People of the Several States…: Statehood for the District of Columbia" @default.
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