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• W1258589068 abstract "The effects of early experience on chemoreceptive and feeding responses were studied using 224 naive, newborn snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) from a single locality in California . The effect of experience depends on the kind of prey . Responses to some prey (fish) can be modified by early experience. Response to dead, motionless fish can be enhanced by a single experience with a live, moving fish. Responses to other prey were not affected by experience . Snakes attacked and ate frogs and tadpoles on nearly all occasions regardless of prey movement and experience with other prey . There is now considerable evidence indicating that naive newborn snakes are prone to attack some prey more than others, and that chemoreception is a major sensory modality in prey recognition (Burghardt 1966, 1967, 1969, 1975 ; Burghardt & Abeshaheen 1971 ; Gove & Burghardt 1975). Odiferous particles are apparently transported to the chemoreceptive epithelium of the Jacobson's organ, in the roof of the mouth, by the tongue (Wilde 1938 ; Burghardt & Pruitt 1975) . The feeding biases of naive, newborn snakes are mediated by Jacobson's organ in large part and are apparently unaffected by the diet of the mother during gestation (Burghardt & Hess 1968 ; Burghardt 1971). In the case of some dietary specialists (e .g. the crayfish specialists, Regina grahamii and R. septemvittata) naive young appear to be programmed to attack those prey most often eaten by wild snakes, e .g. crayfish (Burghardt 1968). The naive young of snakes with more catholic diets, e .g . Thamnophis sirtalis, show strong chemoreceptive responses to prey that predominate in the natural diet as well as to prey that form only a small fraction of the natural diet (Burghardt 1970) . The feeding biases of naive dietary specialists probably focus attacks on species characteristic prey in the wild. The ecological significance of feeding biases in the naive young of species with more diverse diets is less apparent. While it is clear that at least some chemoreceptive responses can be modified by experience in the laboratory (Fuchs & Burghardt 1971 ; Burghardt et al . 1973), we do not know whether experience plays an important role in shaping the natural diet of snake populations . The purpose of the present study is to determine whether experiences of the kind likely to occur in nature can modify chemoreceptive and attack responses to prey . This study focuses on the 455 effects of prey movement and diets of limited variety. The tendency to actually attack and eat prey was used as a measure of feeding propensity, since from an ecological point of view we want to know whether experience can cause a snake to add or delete prey species from its diet as well as modify chemoreceptive response . Anurans and earthworms predominate in the diets of natural populations of T. sirtalis, but arthropods, birds, fish, leeches, mammals, reptiles, salamanders and slugs are also eaten (Fitch 1965 ; White & Kolb 1974) . Thamnophis sirtalis shows considerable geographic variation in natural diet (Fitch 1965), and the complete spectrum of prey indicated above has not been reported from any single locality ." @default.
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• W1258589068 title "SOME EFFECTS OF EARLY EXPERIENCE ON FEEDING RESPONSES IN THE COMMON GARTER SNAKE" @default.
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