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• W1263124670 abstract "In the 2012 election for the United States House of Representatives, a plurality of voters voted for a Democratic candidate, but despite this, the Republican Party won a majority of the House races. There are several possible explanations for this discrepancy, most notably partisan gerrymandering. However, with this paper, I wanted to explore another explanation, one which has received little attention in comparison to partisan gerrymandering. I believe that “Unintentional Gerrymandering” is a key reason for the discrepancy between votes and seats in many elections, including in the 2012 House of Representatives election. Unintentional Gerrymandering occurs when the voters for each party are distributed in such a way as to give one side a structural advantage. Today, Democrats tend to either live in landslide Democratic districts, or they tend to live in small Democratic communities surrounded by Republican voters. This causes Republicans to be over-represented in comparison to Democrats. Because of the different choices Democratic and Republican voters make about where to live, even a truly nonpartisan redistricting process would result in a district map that favors the Republican party. I decided to examine and summarize the literature concerning Unintentional Gerrymandering, as well as to discuss the factors that cause it. Finally, I’ve given several suggestions for how the effects of Unintentional Gerrymandering could be mitigated. Introduction: 2012 in Context 2012 was a historic election, but not just for the reasons people normally cite (such as the first re-election of an African-American president, and the continuing demographic changes in the American electorate). Something strange happened on that election night, something that showed the limitations of a Single Member District and First Past the Post voting system, like ours. In the 2012 election for the House of Representatives, Democrats won 48.5% of the vote, while Republicans won 47.8% of the vote (Ornstein 2013 2-2). Despite the fact that the Republicans won fewer votes than Democrats, they were able to win a majority of seats (Republicans won 234 seats, while Democrats won 201 seats). According to the July 2013 edition of Vital Statistics on Congress collaborated by the American Enterprise Institute and the Brookings Institution, it was the only House election since Vital Statistics began collecting data in 1946 that the party with a plurality of the votes failed to obtain the most seats. It’s very common for our system of elections to give a disproportionate amount of seats to one party, but in the vast majority of cases this happens when the party with a plurality of the vote won a larger majority than their popular vote share would imply. Our system has a tendency to inflate majorities, but this was the first time in recorded history where the “losers” of the election actually “won” (Drutman 2013). Two figures in the appendix (Ibid), put together by the Sunlight Foundation, illustrate the historical context of the 2012 House election results. Figure 1 maps the share of the cumulative vote that Democrats received and compares it to the share of seats that they held as a result of the election. Figure 2 compares the same" @default.
• W1263124670 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1263124670 date "2014-04-25" @default.
• W1263124670 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1263124670 title "Unintentional Gerrymandering: Why Location Matters in Politics" @default.
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