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• W1284906 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION The international community faces a drug problem of epidemic proportions.(2) The United States, in particular, consumes more illegal drugs than any other country in the world.(3) From 1982 to 1985, America's drug problem worsened. During those years, cocaine consumption in the United States rose 133%.(4) The Andean region(5) supplies more of this cocaine than any other region of the world.(6) Peru alone produces approximately sixty percent of the world's supply of cocaine.(7) The economies of the Andean region are, to a large extent, dependent on the drug trade with the United States. The varied problems facing the countries within the Andean region require different remedies. However, any regional success in stemming the drug trade will be predicated on encouraging and facilitating the movement of labor, land and capital away from the illegal drug trade toward legitimate industries. Rather than considering what the United States can do to stem domestic drug demand, this Note focuses on the current U.S. strategy for helping the Andean region reduce its economic dependency on cocaine. This Note reviews the most recent U.S. legislation concerning this troubled region: the Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA).(8) The Bush Administration first submitted ATPA to Congress on October 5, 1990.(9) This proposal became law on December 4, 1991,(10) slightly more than one year after its submission. The passage of ATPA signaled a major shift in U.S. strategy toward Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia in the areas of economic development and international narcotics trafficking. ATPA has several goals. First, the Act reduces tariffs on products originating in Andean nations.(11) It is intended to create viable alternative outlets for resources currently involved in the illegal drug economy.(12) Second, ATPA fosters the expansion of lawful industries in the Andean region in order to broaden local tax revenues and to increase the resources available for drug interdiction efforts.(13) Third, ATPA strengthens U.S. commitment to the long-term economic development of the Andean nations and improves cooperation with Andean governments that is essential to U.S. counter-narcotics policies.(14) Fourth, ATPA indirectly contributes the U.S. economy through increased exports to the Andean nations.(15) This Note argues that Andean Trade Preference Act represents a fundamental change in U.S. policy toward the Andean nations and international narcotics trafficking. Part II examines the history of the Andean region's trade problems and the United States' responses to those problems. Part III identifies the Cartagena Summit, the 1990 drug summit held in Cartagena, Colombia, as the beginning of this fundamental change in U.S. policy toward the Andean region, in particular, and Latin America as a whole, in the areas of trade, development and narcotics strategy. This shift in U.S. policy was also evident in the Bush Administration's Enterprise for the Americas Initiative (EAI), as discussed in Part IV.(16) The Administration introduced ATPA to Congress within the broader framework of EAI. ATPA's provisions are discussed in Part V, which also assesses the effect that ATPA will have on the economies of the Andean region and the United States, and on the illegal drug trade between them. In conclusion, this Note argues that although ATPA is not a panacea for all of the problems facing the troubled Andean region, it is a necessary step toward the long-term reduction of illegal drug production. II. The Policy of Eradication in the Andean Region The Andean region is economically dependent on the highly profitable international cocaine trade. Although not reflected in official trade statistics, the cocaine trade accounts for much of the Andean region's international trade(17) and provides necessary coca dollars. The cocaine trade generates approximately US$100 million a year for Peru, and US$500 million a year for Colombia. …" @default.
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• W1284906 date "1992-06-22" @default.
• W1284906 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W1284906 title "Andean Trade Preference Act: A Step in the Right Direction?" @default.
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