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- W129488752 abstract "Three recent Financial Accounting Standards Board statements fundamentally change the way not-for-profit organizations (NPOs) prepare external financial statements. They require that promises to give and certain contributed services be recognized as revenue and classified in the statement of activities based on the presence or absence of donor-imposed restrictions. In addition to a statement of cash flows, the FASB standards also require NPOs to report total assets, liabilities and net assets in a statement of financial position, with most investments reported at fair value and net assets reported based on any donor-imposed restrictions. Auditors need to be familiar with these provisions, particularly those governing the distinctions between unrestricted, temporarily restricted and permanently restricted net assets. In response to these changes, the American Institute of CPAs issued a new audit and accounting guide, Not-for-Profit Organizations, to provide guidelines for preparing and auditing NPO financial statements. The provisions of the new guide, issued in August 1996, generally are effective for financial statements for fiscal years ending on or after December 31, 1996. Earlier application is permitted. The effects of adopting the guide may be reported in a manner similar to the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle as specified by Accounting Principles Board Opinion no. 20, Accounting Changes, or retroactively. This article provides an overview of the new guide to help NPOs and their auditors implement its requirements. (See the sidebar on page 65 for a discussion of how an NPO is defined.) NEED FOR THE PROJECT FASB Statement no. 116, Accounting for Contributions Received and Contributions Made, Statement no. 117, Financial Statements of Not-for-profit Organizations, and Statement no. 124, Accounting for Certain Investments Held by Not-for-Profit Organizations--and changes in practice since the issuance of the three guides the new NPO guide replaces (see box on page 64)--made much of the existing industry-specific NPO guidance obsolete. As a result, the AICPA completely rewrote its guidance for NPOs other than health care providers and combined it into one guide. (As part of another project, the AICPA revised Audits of Providers of Health Care Services and issued Health Care Organizations.) The new NPO guide focuses on significant aspects of NPOs' financial statements. It also describes how information from an internal fund accounting system can be used to prepare external financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. To help auditors understand an NPO's internal controls, assess control risk and plan and conduct an audit, the new guide includes specific audit objectives, examples of controls and sample audit procedures for matters unique to NPOs. The guide, which incorporates the requirements of Statement nos. 116, 117 and 124, also covers two SOPs: 87-2, Accounting for Joint Costs of Informational Materials and Activities of Not-for-Profit Organizations That Include a FundRaising Appeal, and 94-2, The Application of the Requirements of Accounting Research Bulletins, Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board, and Statements and Interpretations of the Financial Accounting Standards Board to Not-for-Profit Organizations. (The new guide supersedes both SOPs.) Two other SOPs are included in appendices: 92-9, Audits of Not-for-Profit Organizations Receiving Federal Awards, and 94-3, Reporting of Related Entities by Not-for-Profit Organizations. ACCOUNTING FOR CONTRIBUTIONS Distinguishing contributions from other asset transfers. It is often difficult to distinguish contributions from exchange transactions because some asset transfers--including grants, awards and sponsorships provided by foundations, governments and other resource providers--have elements of both. The new guide includes indicators that are useful in differentiating contributions from exchange transactions. …" @default.
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- W129488752 date "1996-11-01" @default.
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- W129488752 title "New AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide for NPOs" @default.
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