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- W130346588 abstract "The credit for introducing the chloramine treatment in Duluth is due to E. W. Kelly, former head of the Water and Light Department. An emergency arose on August 22, 1930, that required action. For several weeks before this date we had a spell of calm, sunny weather, which produced a marked growth of algae in Lake Superior. Then a strong northeast wind whipped up the algae into our intake. Immediately a strong cod-liverish oil taste developed in the water. To combat this taste, several tanks of ammonia were obtained from a local distributor. The ammonia was then fed into the water at the Lakewood Station in conjunction with our chlorine treatment. A hand valve and scales was the only method of control at first. Within a few hours a marked diminution in taste was obtained. Having overcome this taste problem, it was decided to continue this method of treatment as the tastes in our water had been more or less intermittent before this. An ammoniator was ordered and efforts were then made to keep a close control of this treatment. Our hourly residual chlorine tests and bacterial checks were continued. When the ammonia was first tried heavy amounts were used. After the initial emergency, we found it possible to cut down the ammonia to small amounts and still obtain taste reduction. In order to keep our factor of safety high, we kept our residual chlorine at our previous level, but the ammonia was cut down to a ratio of 1 to 3 with chlorine. This was continued for a month or two until we ran into further tastes. To reach an understanding of this treatment as a taste preventative, it seems best to consider it as a combination of competing chemical reactions. Undoubtedly the two commonest tastes in our water were free chlorine and the combination algae and chlorine. The addition of ammonia to chlorine in preventing taste interferes with these other reactions. Anything that favors or speeds up the ammonia chlorine reaction will help in taste prevention. Several things according to the laws of chemical reaction favor the speed of reaction" @default.
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- W130346588 date "1935-03-01" @default.
- W130346588 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W130346588 title "Chloramine Treatment in Duluth" @default.
- W130346588 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1935.tb18440.x" @default.
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