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- W131330596 abstract "Free AccessCPAPSmoking Is Not Better For You Than Sleep Apnea Nathaniel S. Marshall, Ph.D., Keith K.H. Wong, MB.BS., Ph.D., Peter Y. Liu, MB.BS., Ph.D., Ronald R. Grunstein, M.D., Ph.D. Nathaniel S. Marshall, Ph.D. Address correspondence to: Nat Marshall, NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, PO Box M77, Missenden Rd, NSW 2050, Australia+61 2 9114 0443+61 2 9114 0011 E-mail Address: [email protected] NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia Search for more papers by this author , Keith K.H. Wong, MB.BS., Ph.D. NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for more papers by this author , Peter Y. Liu, MB.BS., Ph.D. NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia Search for more papers by this author , Ronald R. Grunstein, M.D., Ph.D. NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for more papers by this author Published Online:June 15, 2011https://doi.org/10.5664/JCSM.1088SectionsPDF ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations AboutINTRODUCTIONDrs. Yegneswaran and Shapiro1 have recently suggested here that CPAP non-compliance in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients has a much greater effect on mortality than smoking does. But they have incorrectly used summary data from our Busselton Sleep Apnea cohort2 to support this claim.The figure is mislabelled, contains data that should not be plotted together, and there is no statistical testing of the hypothesis. The line marked Severe OSA is actually Moderate-Severe OSA, which means the line labelled mild and moderate OSA is probably the line for mild OSA from our data. The graph compares the OSA data collected on men and women of a rural town in Western Australia in 1990 with heavy smoking Finnish businessmen collected in 1974.3 Apart from obvious socioeconomic, geographical, and gender issues, the follow-up periods do not overlap (1990-2004) and (1974- ca. 1988). There are no reference categories for “No OSA ”or “Never smoked” provided in their figure. Furthermore these are not independent categories because the Finns could have had OSA and some of the Australians smoked. The vertical axis has been re-drawn to maximise the apparent differences rather than giving a clear characterization of the absolute risk of death.The risks for undiagnosed or occult OSA in the general community are not automatically generalizable to the risks associated with CPAP non-compliance in clinical populations, so the choice of OSA data was also ill-advised, given the stated hypothesis regarding CPAP compliance. The people who volunteered to be in our study were not patients.4 The letter presents them as OSA patients who are non-compliant with CPAP. Our data happened to exhibit the largest mortality risk attributable to OSA yet reported. The picture would look somewhat less striking were the more relevant data, which do quantify the potential effect of CPAP non-compliance from, for instance, Dr. Marin's5 or Dr. Young's6 studies to be plotted.Because compliance is a major limiting factor for all therapies in all diseases, we need more research to better understand why patients do and do not comply. We also need effective alternative therapies for OSA.The preponderance of scientific evidence does not support a conclusion that sleep apnea is worse for you than heavy smoking. Smoking has clear demonstrated individual and public health damage.7 The effect of OSA and the benefits of CPAP are surrounded with much greater uncertainty.8,9 Our specific analyses of smoking data inside the Busselton sleep cohort do not lead us to conclude that OSA is worse for you than heavy smoking.The suggestion that heavy smoking is better for you than sleep apnea is unsupported.DISCLOSURE STATEMENTThe authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.REFERENCES1 Yegneswaran BShapiro CWhich is the greater sin? Continuing to smoke or non-compliance with cpap therapy?J Clin Sleep Med201173156LinkGoogle Scholar2 Marshall NSWong KKHLiu PYCullen SKnuiman MWGrunstein RRSleep apnea as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality: The Busselton Health StudySleep200831107985, 18714779Google Scholar3 Strandberg AYStrandberg TEPitkala KSalomaa VVTilvis RSMiettinen TAThe effect of smoking in midlife on health-related quality of life in old age: a 26-year prospective studyArch Intern Med2008168196874, 18852397CrossrefGoogle Scholar4 Bearpark HElliott LGrunstein R, et al.Snoring and sleep apnea. A population study in Australian menAm J Respir Crit Care Med1995151145965, 7735600CrossrefGoogle Scholar5 Marin JCarrizo SVicente EAgusti ALong-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational studyLancet2005365104653, 15781100CrossrefGoogle Scholar6 Young TFinn LPeppard PE, et al.Sleep disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen-year follow-up of the Wisconsin sleep cohortSleep20083110718, 18714778Google Scholar7 Peto RLopez ADBoreham JThun MHeath CDoll RMortality from smoking worldwideBr Med Bull1996521221, 8746293CrossrefGoogle Scholar8 Pack AIPlatt ABPien GDoes untreated obstructive sleep apnea lead to death?Sleep20083110678, 18714776Google Scholar9 Punjabi NMCaffo BSGoodwin JL, et al.Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: A prospective cohort studyPLOS Med20096e1000132, 19688045CrossrefGoogle Scholar Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 07 • Issue 03 • June 15, 2011ISSN (print): 1550-9389ISSN (online): 1550-9397Frequency: Monthly Metrics History Submitted for publicationFebruary 1, 2011Accepted for publicationMarch 1, 2011Published onlineJune 15, 2011 Information© 2011 American Academy of Sleep MedicineACKNOWLEDGMENTSFinancial support for this study provided by National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.PDF download" @default.
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