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• W13201596 abstract "In December 2002, operations at the Houston Police Department Crime Laboratory-one of the nation's busiest forensic science laboratories-came to a screeching halt. What started a month earlier as a series of investigative reports by a local television station became the most significant laboratory scandal in the nation's history. Amid news reports of analytical errors, misrepresented findings, and the wrongful conviction of Josiah Sutton for aggravated kidnapping and sexual assault-based on flawed conclusions about DNA evidence1-the laboratory quickly suspended all DNA and toxicology analysis.2 Shortly thereafter, the City of Houston hired a team of lawyers and forensic scientists to conduct an independent review of the laboratory.3 The investigation found the laboratory in shambles, with countless problems spanning across twenty-five years of operations. These problems included the fabrication of scientific results,4 a DNA section supervised by a leader without any experience performing DNA analysis,5 and a roof that allowed water to leak into the laboratory and the evidence storage facility for over six years, at one point contaminating evidence.6 Over the course of the investigation, the team reviewed forensic analyses performed in over 3,500 criminal cases.7 The investigation found that numerous sections of the laboratory had failed to meet generally accepted forensic science principles, pos[ing] major risks of contributing to miscarriages of justice in extremely significant cases, including death penalty cases.8 While the number of problems identified at the Houston crime lab represents an extreme, the reality is that similar problems have occurred throughout the country. Often, these problems have gone unrecognized due to a general lack of regulation of crime laboratories. This Note explores the role of state oversight in forensic science regulation and argues that stronger state-level oversight would help prevent situations like the Houston crime lab scandal. Part I describes the maladies that plague forensic science. Part II taps the power of the states within the framework of federalism and explains why state-level oversight is necessary to solve the problems. Part III de-scribes the oversight mechanisms that states currently employ. While some states have established oversight institutions, most have not, and those that have can strengthen their oversight. Part IV then proposes a fortified of state oversight, highlighting areas where current state efforts often fail. Finally, Part V concludes by arguing that state oversight is necessary even if pending federal legislation increases the role that the federal government plays in the regulation of forensic science. I. The Current Forensic Science Framework Given the popularity of television programs like CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and its spin-offs, most Americans have heard the term forensic science.9 But despite what its singular name implies, forensic science actu-ally refers to a range of disciplines, each with its own practices and culture. These disciplines include toxicology, firearms, toolmarks, trace evidence, arson analysis, impression evidence, blood-pattern analysis, and medical death investigation, among numerous others.10 While professionals often perform analyses inside laboratories, police officers also perform forensic services, such as crime scene investigation and latent-fingerprint analysis, outside of the laboratory.11 Of course, forensic science includes DNA analysis, a practice that has become a model forensic science discipline.12 The strength of DNA analysis did not happen by chance; rather, Congress allocated funding, [the National Academy of Sciences] issued reports, [the National Institute of Justice] distributed grants, attorneys filed motions, judges held hearings and legal and forensic scholars engaged in (often contentious) debates.13 Unlike DNA analysis, which emerged from these so-called DNA wars of the 1990s as a strong, credible scientific practice, the other forensic science disciplines have historically avoided the spotlight,14 even though they comprise the overwhelming majority of crime-laboratory work. …" @default.
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• W13201596 date "2011-11-01" @default.
• W13201596 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W13201596 title "Improving Forensic Science through State Oversight" @default.
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