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• W132360287 abstract "The use of psychometric tests for diagnostic purposes in neuropsychological settings is dependent on the availability of appropriate norms for interpreting an individual's performance. Most psychometric measures have been developed and standardised on American or British populations and may not be applicable to individuals or groups from other cultural backgrounds. Although there has been an increase in the development of overseas norms for elderly people, there is a notable lack of norms for elderly New Zealanders. Normative data, obtained from a community sample of 139 New Zealanders 70 to 90 years of age, are presented for the Recognition Memory Test, the Graded Naming Test, and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test. The correlations among the three tests are reported for the whole sample, and norms are presented for three different age bands. The relationship between declining functioning status, prior psychiatric disorder and cognitive functioning is evaluated as a possible indicator of cognitive decline. The impact of cognitive performance and intelligence is also considered. The importance of using appropriate norms in forming judgments based upon psychological test results is a sine qua non of psychological testing (Anastasi & Urbina, 1997). When making inferences about an individual's performance upon a particular test, regardless of whether that test attempts to measure cognitive functioning, personality, or any other psychological construct, it is important to know how the individual compares with their peers. Consequently, when evaluating an individual's score on a psychological test it is essential to do so in relation to norms that tell us how people of similar age, gender, educational attainment, and ethnicity might score. This is of particular importance when evaluating cognitive abilities in elderly people, in whom the distinction between normal age-related decline and clinically significant impairment, is often not clear. With a rapidly ageing population in most technologically advanced countries, and a concomitant increase in age-related neurological disorders, the importance of developing diagnostic measures that are sensitive to cognitive dysfunction in older adults has become pronounced. In New Zealand, The National Health Committee on Health and Disability (1997) has stated that New Zealanders over 65 have a one in twenty chance of developing dementia, or a one in five chance if they are over 80. Consequently, there has been a growing demand for objective standards to aid in the diagnosis and assessment of those age-related illnesses where cognitive decline may be a primary symptom. Although such tests are widely available, their norms typically stop at just around the age where dementia starts to become relatively common. In addition, there are rarely ever norms developed for such tests with New Zealand individuals - a particular problem for language tests which are likely to be highly subject to international differences. Despite these issues, clinical psychologists are frequently asked to conduct neuropsychological assessments on elderly people, and to make judgments concerning their cognitive status in the absence of appropriate normative data. Lezak (1987) considered the age norms available for ten of the most widely used American tests and commented that adequate age norms for the elderly were largely nonexistent. However, this situation has improved somewhat over the past decade or so since Lezak made those observations. For example, the Mayo Clinic have collected population-based neuropsychological test norms for elderly people resident in Olmsted County, U.S.A. These projects are known as the Mayo's Older American Normative Studies (MOANS). Currently, MOANS normative data is available for elderly Americans ages 55 to 97 on 15 neuropsychological instruments assessing a broad spectrum of cognitive functions, some of which include; the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT; Rey, 1964; Ivnik, Malec, Tangalos, Peterson, Kokmen, & Kurland, 1990; Ivnik, et al, 1992a), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R; Wechsler, 1981; Ivnik et al. …" @default.
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• W132360287 date "1999-12-01" @default.
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• W132360287 title "Normative Data for New Zealand Elders on the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Graded Naming Test, and the Recognition Memory Test" @default.
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