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• W133872602 abstract "Scintillations in liquid helium due to the passage of a charged particle were first observed by Simmons and Perkins in 1961.1 Subsequent investigations have revealed that the intensity of the scintillations as a function of temperature is different from that for scintillators near room temperature and is almost certainly connected with the superfluid nature of liquid helium below the X point. This temperature effect is discussed in terms of current theories of liquid helium and in the light of the present state of knowledge relating to the scintillation phenomenon. Both a and 3 particles have been used to excite the liquid helium and it is significant that the effect of temperature on the scintillations depends on the particle producing the scintillation. The most thorough investigation of a-induced cintillations has been carried out by the University of Virginia group2 who have observed scintillations down to O.3°K. Their results are shown in Fig. 1. The scintillation intensity drops steadily from 4.2°K to the X point (2.18°K) where it drops sharply. Below the X point the intensity decreases by aboUt 15% to what appears to be a constant value. The decrease from 4.2°K to 2.18°K can be explained by a change in the density of the liquid which causes a decrease in the a-path length and hence an increase in the fraction of scintillation light absorbed on the source holder. The sharp drop at the X point is probably due to the cessation of internal boiling in the liquid. The superfluid nature of helium below the A point gives rise to a very large thermal conductivity which prevents enough heat being localised to form a bubble. The fit to the data below the A point produced by the authors of reference 2 is discussed later. They noted in this experiment that if all the emitted photons were collected then no decrease was observed below the A point. These observations clearly require an explanation in terms of a mechanism which delays photon emission to a degree that depends on the temperature of the liquid. A similar investigation of the effect of temperature on the scintillation intensity induced by .particles gave the results shown3 in Fig. 2. It can be seen here that the intensity remains constant with temperature apart from a discontinuity at the A point. As the path length of electrons is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of" @default.
• W133872602 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W133872602 date "1971-01-01" @default.
• W133872602 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W133872602 title "SCINTILLATIONS IN LIQUID HELIUM." @default.
• W133872602 hasPublicationYear "1971" @default.
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