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• W134150969 abstract "Objectives: Current international and national prophylactic antibiotic regimens have been analysed in respect of the prevention of bacteraemia after dental and surgical procedures and therefore of joint prosthesis infection. This information was used to formulate guidelines for the Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. Methods: Publications, since 2003, were used in this research. In addition recommendations of accredited institutions and associations were examined. These included the guidelines of the American Dental Association in association with the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2003), the American Heart Association (2007), the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2006) and the Australian Dental Guidelines (2005). No guidelines published by any institution in South Africa were found. Results: The general rationale for the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical (including dental) interventions, is that those procedures may result in a bacteraemia that may cause infection in joint prostheses. Antibiotics, however, should therefore be administered to susceptible patients, e.g. immunocompromised patients, prior to the development of bacteraemia. Conclusion: The guidelines recommended for use in South Africa are based solely on those used outside South Africa. South Africa is regarded as a developing country with its own population and demographic characteristics. Eleven percent of our population is infected with HIV, and a specific guideline for prophylactic antibiotic treatment is therefore essential. T are many controversies in the dental literature, regarding the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with joint prostheses. Antibiotics are prescribed in dentistry to treat and prevent infections.1 For the purpose of this article, the main indications and controversies relating to prophylactic use of antibiotics in dentistry will be reviewed, notably the prevention of bacteraemia and infections in patients with joint prostheses. From small beginnings with hips in the early 1950s, joint replacement has expanded to include the knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow and finger joints. Generally these joint replacements are successful with an over 90% success rate over a 10-year period.2 In the United States in 1995, 243 919 total knee replacements were performed2 and in 2003, approximately 450 000 total joint arthroplasties were performed.3,4 In Australia in the financial year 2002-2003 a total of 55 836 total hip and knee replacements were performed.5 In Norway 73 000 arthroplasties were done between 1994 and 1999, i.e. in 11 years.6 Currently no register exists in South Africa on the total of any arthroplasties performed locally. The provision of joint prostheses is thus a common orthopaedic procedure. Can orthopaedic implants be infected by blood-borne bacteria? SAOJ Winter 2007.qxd 8/16/07 5:26 PM Page 34" @default.
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• W134150969 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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• W134150969 title "Dental treatment, antibiotic prophylaxis and infection in joint prostheses : a review of new trends and recommendations in the literature" @default.
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