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• W134268466 abstract "The Saxby and Mt. Angelay Igneous Complexes represent the volatile rich, post ~1530Ma granitoids of the Williams Batholith, and have been considered to be a possiblesource of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids that produced IOCG deposits in Cloncurrydistrict. The evolution of these igneous complexes is studied in this thesis with theultimate aim to understand the chemistry of magmatic fluids and their involvement in oregenesis. These igneous complexes contain a variety of intrusions including mafic,intermediate and felsic members and their fluid evolution was examined by several bulkand micro-analytical techniques.The distribution of rock units and their contact relations were obtained from fieldobservations and regional and detailed mapping. The Saxby (SIC) and Mt. Angelay(MAIC) Igneous Complexes are dominated by metaluminous, potassic, magnetite bearingintrusive rocks, which intruded into the calc-silicate rocks of the Mary KathleenGroup and psammo-pelitic rocks of the Soldiers Cap Group between 1530 and 1500 Ma.The major rock types in the SIC include granites and a large number of mafic intrusions,with limited pulses of intermediate magmas, typically observed at the magmamixing/mingling locations. The MAIC apparently represents a more evolved pluton,which has limited mafic intrusions with more intermediate rock types and abundantfelsic rocks. Other major rock types and structures include magmatic-hydrothermaltransition veins and ‘brain rocks’ of Mt. Angelay, mixed/mingled rocks and explosivebreccias of the SIC, and late igneous phases of pegmatites and aplites. Intense sodic/sodic-calcic alteration is abundant in both complexes, complicating geochemicalinterpretation.Petrographic and geochemical studies were used as tools to distinguish various rocktypes and magmatic crystallization processes from sub-solidus hydrothermal processes.The major and trace element studies together with rare earth element (REE) patterns andfield observations suggest different magma sources for the mafic and felsic rocks. TheREE patterns, depletion in Eu, Sr, P and Ti, and Y-undepleted nature of K-rich, abundantfelsic intrusions suggest a crustal source which is more likely depleted in garnet, titanite,apatite, pyroxenes and/or amphiboles and enriched in plagioclases. In mafic andintermediate intrusions, the decrease in CaO, Nb, Sr, Sc, V and TiO2 with increasingSiO2, together with negative Eu anomalies, suggested that fractional crystallisation ofplagioclase and amphibole were prominent processes involved in the formation of themore silicic phases from mafic magmas. REE patterns also suggest that this mafic sourceregion was enriched in pyroxenes, amphiboles, apatite and titanite and depleted ingarnet.The volatile evolution of the SIC and MAIC intrusions was particularly estimated fromhalogen (F/Cl) abundances and ratios of hydrous minerals including biotite, hornblendeand apatite, and from calculated halogen activities of magmatic fluid in equilibrium withbiotite. The F and Cl concentrations of ferromagnesian minerals highly depend on Fe andMg contents; however, they show variable rates of compatibility with fractionation thatmay have influenced the halogen concentration of the final magmatic-hydrothermalfluid. The halogen contents of both whole rocks and minerals show high F and Clcontents in mafic rocks and gradual loss in Cl with crystallization. The majority of Fanalyses in the whole rocks are below detection, but the minerals show major increase inF contents from mafic to intermediate rocks. The halogen variability in intrusions depends on a number of factors including bulk rock chemistry, wall rock alteration andFe-Mg avoidance.Fluid inclusions were used as a tool to understand the magmatic-hydrothermal evolutionof the SIC and MAIC and the intrusions contain a variety of primary and secondary fluidinclusions. The primary magmatic fluids of the SIC and MAIC include a common,abundant CO2 rich fluid phase, which may have been sourced from mafic magma. Highsalinity, primary, multisolid inclusions of Mt. Angelay brain rocks represent magmatichydrothermalfluids; in which their magmatic origin is also confirmed by PIXE halogenratios. The multisolid inclusions show very high salinities (38-60wt% NaCl equivalent)and high homogenization temperatures ranging from 450-600°C and more. Secondaryinclusions of L+V+S (16-46wt% NaCl equivalent) and L+V (1-30wt% NaCl equivalent)are present in all the SIC and MAIC rocks including granites, brain rocks and breccias,and they homogenize in between 140-300°C and 100-250°C respectively.The field and analytical studies suggest that the Saxby breccia pipes and Mt. Angelaybrain rocks represent the release of magmatic fluids at the final stages of magmaevolution (Chapter 2 & 6). It is suggested that the process of magma mingling and thevariable CO2 input from mafic intrusions have played major role in the formation ofbreccias and brain rocks. The fluid inclusion P-T estimations from these magmatic hydrothermallocations together with geochemical and mineral chemical observationsalso provide clues to the overall volatile evolution of the mafic and felsic magma, andtheir possible role in IOCG genesis.The metal and element budget of some Cloncurry ore deposits and SIC and MAICintrusions are compared as the fluid inclusions provide a direct correlation. The primaryfluid inclusions assemblage in Mt. Angelay brain rocks (CO2 inclusions + multisolidinclusions) is similar to that found in the most obviously granite-related IOCG deposits(especially Ernest Henry), and is verified in detail by PIXE and LA-ICP-MS analysis.The element concentrations, ratios and Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn contents of multisolidinclusions from these two settings show similarities, which suggest a magmaticinvolvement in the IOCG ore genesis of Cloncurry. However, fluid mixing is alsosuggested as a major process for the formation of ore deposits.Although many previous studies supposed that granites were crucial in the magmatic-to-IOCG connection, the data collected during this study suggest that mafic intrusionsplayed major roles in the evolution of Saxby and Mt. Angelay Igneous Complexes and inthe formation of some of the Cloncurry ore deposits." @default.
• W134268466 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W134268466 creator A5024198842 @default.
• W134268466 date "2009-07-01" @default.
• W134268466 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W134268466 title "Evolution of the Saxby and Mt. Angelay Igneous Complexes and their role in Cloncurry Fe Oxide-Cu-Au ore genesis" @default.
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