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• W13503502 abstract "PHILIP CUSHMAN: Constructing Self, Constructing America. A Cultural History of Psychotherapy. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1995, 430 pp., $27.50. Philip Cushman, member of core faculty of California School of Professional Psychology, Alameda/Berkeley Campus, has alerted us for some years to extent to which psychological theories and ensuing therapeutic practices reflect socioeconomic, historical, and above all, political context of era in which they arise. His massive new book Constructing Self, Constructing America, is devoted to this important subject. The author draws parallel between American socio-political history, mostly of 19th and 20th century and its changing psychological theories and practices, which he views not only as reflecting, but also ultimately serving needs of political and economic power structure of each period. Cushman's particular interest is in many different possible constructions of self of each period. Indeed, highlight of book, and in some ways partial review of its themes, is Appendix: The Self in Western Society (pp. 357-87). Starting with antiquity Cushman uses historical literature to illustrate many steps that have only recently led to t he masterful bounded self of today (p. 357), a self that needs to be 'therapied' (p. 1) and one with...many subjective 'inner' feelings... (p. 357). The whole book presents alternate sections of American socio-economic history and corresponding psychic healing practices. The author demonstrates how Americans have constructed the other, be they African-Americans, Native Americans or Communists to carry repudiated aspects of themselves. Cushman's purpose is to show extent to which most healing technologies in United States have been subtly complicit in sexims, racism, and economic injustice of their eras (p.5). Psychotherapy, here, is not scientifically based, value-neutral enterprise its practitioners claim it to be but instead, a moral discourse with political consequences (p. 281). In course of book we learn about history of healing practices in last two centuries, from establishment, reform, and decline of asylums, (Chap. 4, Healing through Self-Domination) to Mesmerism (Chap. 5, Healing through Self-Liberation) to history of mental-hygiene movement, onward to the Americanization of Psychoanalysis (p. 117) and beyond. Cushman makes an interesting contrast between Melanie Klein who would pave way for Object Relations and Self Psychology with location of psychic conflict inside self, and Harry Stack Sullivan who situated social interactions and psychological problems in the space between people (p. …" @default.
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• W13503502 title "Constructing the Self, Constructing America. A Cultural History of Psychotherapy" @default.
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