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• W135455552 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the chemokines and receptors found in the central nervous system (CNS), their changes in alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, the direct effect of some chemokines on neuronal signaling pathways, a hypothesis regarding the pathophysiological role of chemokines in the CNS particularly in AD, and how this delicate balance can be achieved or disrupted under physiological or pathological conditions and finally, the implications of this hypothesis for future therapeutic intervention. Chemokines and their receptors detectable in brain tissues or neuronal and glial cultures under pathophysiological conditions by immunohistochemistry, by in situ or by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have been summarized. Immunoreactivity for a number of chemokine receptors has also been detected in CNS cells. In AD brain, upregulation of CXCR2 expression was observed on dystrophic neurites of senile plaques. CC chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 have been found on microglia of both normal and AD brains and their expression is increased on some reactive microglia in AD. The present data support that chemokine expression in vivo is more restricted to particular cell types and is under fine regulation despite the fact under in vitro conditions many cell types have the capacity to express chemokines. The detection of many chemokines and their receptors on various resident cells of CNS suggest their physiological role in the CNS. Given the primary role of chemokines as inflammatory mediators in the body's defense system, the upregulation of many chemokines and their receptors in AD brain implies that localized inflammation is important in the disease pathogenesis. There may be detrimental effects on neurons if chemokine expression is continuously triggered in a nonregulated fashion. Animal models are available to test these hypotheses. For potential therapeutic intervention through the chemokine system in AD, the double-edged role of chemokines suggests that pharmacological modulation of the system rather than complete blockade may help the body regain a state of homeostasis." @default.
• W135455552 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W135455552 creator A5015802407 @default.
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• W135455552 date "2002-01-01" @default.
• W135455552 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W135455552 title "Chemokines in the Central Nervous System and Alzheimer's Disease" @default.
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• W135455552 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044451002-0/50026-9" @default.
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