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- W136132079 abstract "As the limits of growth of man on Planet Earth are approached, we face shortages of energy, materials, and clean air and water. These three limits can be extended simultaneously by closing the recycle loops between man's disposal sites for solid waste and sewage, and manufacture and agriculture where fresh supplies of energy and materials are now concerned. The development of ''biomass energy refineries'' will be required to close these loops. Presently collected or collectible biomass in the U. S. has an energy content of about 8 x 10/sup 15/ million Btu, or about 10% of total energy consumption. At a solar conversion efficiency of /sup 1///sub 2/% farms and forests could harvest 69 x 10/sup 15/ million Btu, about equal to the present energy consumption, while simultaneously satisfying all of our needs for food and fiber. Processes already exist which can convert wet and dry biomass into more usable fuel forms. Anaerobic digestion or fermentation can convert dilute biomass to methane or alcohols. Thermal processes can make charcoal, oils, fuel gases, or methanol from dry biomass. Partial combustion of waste biomass with oxygen to make synthesis gas (CO + H/sub 2/) is particularly attractive and a 200 ton/day plantmore » has recently been tested for municipal wastes. An energy and mass balance for conversion of municipal waste is presented along with the costs for converting coal, waste,and wood to methanol. The city of Seattle has recently issued a request for proposal for the construction of a plant to convert 1500 tons/day of municipal waste into methanol or ammonia.« less" @default.
- W136132079 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W136132079 title "Biomass energy refineries for production of fuel and fertilizer" @default.
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