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- W136339181 abstract "The word ' reality' and its derivatives have a variety of functions. I want in this paper to examine one of them, i.e. the use of the phrase ' in reality', or some variant like ' really' or ' it is really the case that' as a preface to the affirmation of a proposition. When we intro duce such a preface we are obviously making a certain claim for the proposition which follows. Two questions arise: first, what exactly are we claiming? Secondly, in what sense, and to what extent, can this claim be justified? Take any contingent proposition p, e.g., ' That ship is an oil tanker Let the complex ' In reality, p' (or ' It is really the case that p') be symbolised by Rp, and the complex ' It appears that p ' by Ap. We can now consider the contrasting functions in discourse of Rp, Ap, and also of unprefaced p. The constant factor in all of them is the content of p itself. In the example given, the account of the ship's characteristics contained in p, is neither amplified nor contradicted by a change to the Rp or Ap form. But an account can be given with varying degrees of con viction. We can give it tentatively, cautiously, confidently, author itatively. Suppose we peer at the ship through a sea-fog, and say, ' It appears to be an oil-tankerOur use of the complex Ap instead of simply p implies some doubt or reservation about the truth-value of p. We have not yet completely made up our minds. But Ap also indicates that we have made some progress towards making up our minds. If we had made none, we might say, ' I wonder if p ' or ' It is possible that p but not, ' It appears that p Ap, then, is tentative. We use it to indicate, (a) that we believe that some enquiries1 have been made which provide some evidence for the truth of p, but (b) that we do not regard these enquiries as conclusive. (I shall explain later in what senses an enquiry can be said to ' provide evidence', or to be ' conclusive ' or ' inconclusive '.)" @default.
- W136339181 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W136339181 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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- W136339181 title "The concept of reality" @default.
- W136339181 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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