FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W136402343> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W136402343 startingPage "165" @default.
• W136402343 abstract "Turkey is currently experiencing an Islamic reaction against the securalism of Kemal Ataturk. The author traces the history of the Westernization of the Turkish economy, which those who believe that this trend would be threatened by Islamic fundamentalism. He shows how this had initially been supported by etatism, a protectionist system of state initiatives, which was more recently replaced by a policy of economic liberalization involving privatization and the reduction of trade barriers. Key Words: Turkey, Kemal Ataturk, Etatism, Protectionism, Free Market Economy, Privatization The Development of the Turkish Economy A. 1923-1930 Period: The New Republic Years Turkey gained its secular form under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal - popularly known Ataturk - on 23 April 1920, and proclaimed itself a Republic on 29 October 1923. At the time of proclamation of the Republic, the Turkish economy was weak, its infrastructure had been destroyed during the national independence struggle. Moreover, it was founded on the social and economic heritage of the Ottoman Empire, and was totally devoid of the economic wealth that had characterized the older Empire. It had a heavy burden of debt and an economic structure that had collapsed completely: There were only 182 operating industrial establishments of a non-artisan character, employing a mere 14.060 workers and employees. Of this labor force, 70 percent were engaged in the production of wool and cotton yarn, cloth and raw silk, in flour mills and in tobacco processing. These activities, represented 78 percent of industrial production, were the main body of Ottoman industry.1 Thus the new Turkish Republic had few public enterprises, these being mainly composed of the following textile and armament manufacturers founded during the Ottoman Empire.2 - Beykoz Military Equipment Factory, established to manufacture military shoes, boots, belts, etc. in 1835. - Cap Factory, established to manufacture broadcloth, caps and blankets in 1835. - Izmit Factory, established to produce broadcloth and military uniforms in 1845. - Hereke Factory; a textile manufacture industry in which velvet and satin were made, which started to operate in 1845. - Zeytinburnu Factory, established to manufacture cotton and various cloths in 1855. The number of the public enterprises in the Ottoman era failed to grow because the Ottoman Empire was heavily indebted to foreign countries and the Ottoman government was not able to implement protective tariff policies. Political turmoil, as well as foreign debt, had negative effects on the establishment of public enterprises, and a large part of the Empire's infrastructure had been destroyed during the World War and the National Independence Struggle (1920-1923). In a speech to the Turkish Grand National Assembly on March 1, 1922 Ataturk focused on the importance of economic development. One year later, as chairman of Anadolu and Rumeli Mudafa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti (Association for the Defence of Anatolia and Territories of the European Continent Particularly Thrace), he issued a series of proposals to promote the import of agricultural machinery, for the manufacture of commodities using domestic raw materials, for the construction of railways, the modernization of schools, and the productive utilization of forests and mines. An economic congress was convened in Izmir in 1923 and the new Republic's first and most important decisions concerning its economic system were taken at this congress. Two crucial policy issues were debated at length in this congress: the role of the government and the role of the foreign capital in the development of economy. Minister of Economy, Mahmut Esat Bozkurt outlined the main principles of the new government's economic policy at the Izmir Economic Congress as follows: We are not attached to laissez-faire, socialist, communist, etatist or protectionist schools of thought. …" @default.
• W136402343 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W136402343 creator A5011422995 @default.
• W136402343 date "1997-07-01" @default.
• W136402343 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W136402343 title "Turkey: From Etatism to a More Liberal Economy" @default.
• W136402343 hasPublicationYear "1997" @default.
• W136402343 type Work @default.
• W136402343 sameAs 136402343 @default.
• W136402343 citedByCount "4" @default.
• W136402343 countsByYear W1364023432014 @default.
• W136402343 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W136402343 hasAuthorship W136402343A5011422995 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C136264566 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C152212766 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C22241219 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C27206212 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C2778495208 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C34447519 @default.
• W136402343 hasConcept C6303427 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C136264566 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C138885662 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C152212766 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C162324750 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C17744445 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C199539241 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C22241219 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C27206212 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C2778495208 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C34447519 @default.
• W136402343 hasConceptScore W136402343C6303427 @default.
• W136402343 hasIssue "2" @default.
• W136402343 hasLocation W1364023431 @default.
• W136402343 hasOpenAccess W136402343 @default.
• W136402343 hasPrimaryLocation W1364023431 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W1423346313 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W1500509751 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W1969392779 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W1973219776 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2126383005 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2157742945 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2324598300 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2349338564 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2384102918 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W247521433 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2481425215 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2500511823 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2811034639 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2899054590 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2926780331 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W3086929469 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W3119452559 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W564959911 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2342730881 @default.
• W136402343 hasRelatedWork W2983602563 @default.
• W136402343 hasVolume "22" @default.
• W136402343 isParatext "false" @default.
• W136402343 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W136402343 magId "136402343" @default.
• W136402343 workType "article" @default.