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• W136673388 abstract "Groups Involved The Air Force cadet group included 76 college students at a major university in California. They ranged in age from 18 to 26 years with a mean age of 20.45 and a standard deviation of 1.86 years. There were 57 males and 19 females in group. Thirty-three were freshman, 21 were sophomores, 7 were juniors, and 15 were seniors. The teacher preparation students included 23 males, and 119 females. All 142 were upper class students, with 41 being juniors and 101 being seniors. It was much more than a fair comparison, and democratic maturity of cadets shone brightly every step of way. Tests Used Two different psychological tests were used, both of which are presently in final stages of standardization, before being offered to a publisher. Each test was composed of 200 true/false type items, with 25 distributed equally in eight part scores. Democratic Maturity The Democratic Maturity Test (DEMO) by Cassel and Kolstad (1998) was used to assess democratic maturity. It is based solidly on definition of a democracy as described by John Dewey the of individuals. Part I of test seeks to assess Maturity in relation to independent factor (the ability to make a living in a competitive economic society); while part II seeks to measure Social Integration in relation to interdependence factor (the ability and willingness to get along with all different kinds of people - races, religions, and cultures). Self-fulfillment The Self-fulfillment Inventory (SELF by Cassel (1998) seeks to assess as described by Festinger (1957). The cognitive dissonance concept derives from earlier free association of Freud, which has served as basis for psychoanalysis, and measures degree to which personal needs are being met. Cognitive dissonance has been described as a hurt or pain derived from personal needs that are not being met adequately. The higher scores on test more intense pain from cognitive dissonance being assessed. Findings The data clearly suggests that college ROTC cadets in this study develop greater democratic maturity, and greater self-fulfillment (but to a somewhat lessor degree) than a group of corresponding upper division college students at a Tennessee university. Democratic Maturity Every single score on democratic maturity test showed a statistical significant difference between scores for AFROTC students and pre-teacher education students. Then, in every single score except for Sympathy - SYM that difference was in favor of AFROTC cadets. This, in spite of fact that all teacher preparation students were upper classmen (juniors and seniors); while for AFROTC cadets, 54 of 76 cadets were freshmen and sophomores, or lower division students, and had a lot less of college experience. Self-fulfillment In terms of & Personal scores, only two of five scores were statistically significant: Social & Affiliation - SOC (0.002 level) favored AFROTC cadets, with a lower score - less cognitive dissonance; while Survival & Pollution - SUR (0.009 level) favored teacher preparation students. This means that Cadets and Teacher preparation students were about equal in terms of cognitive dissonance in Internal & areas of life. In terms of External & Impersonal portion, every single mean score was lower for Cadets; so that in relation to sign test a statistical significant difference was obtained showing Cadets with greater self-fulfillment than teacher preparation students, two of part scores:(School & Learning - SCH, Sports & Risk Taking - SPO) were statistically significant at 0.000 level of confidence, and with lower scores (less cognitive dissonance) favoring AFROTC cadets. …" @default.
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• W136673388 date "2000-03-22" @default.
• W136673388 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W136673388 title "Comparing the Democratic Maturity and Self-Fulfillment between College Afrotc Cadets and Teacher-Preparation Students" @default.
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